Becoming a World Power By M J Brestle

Becoming a World Power By M. J. Brestle BNMS

I. Reasons for American Expansion A. Roots 1700 -1800 1. Manifest Destiny = (def. ) 2. European practice of Imperialism/Colonialism (def. )= 3. George Washington’s view? • US idea to expand from sea to sea -took lands from American Indians, Spanish, English, French • one people ruling or controlling others/ to build an empire. Where? • Avoid foreign involvement, America’s too young and weak to fight wars.

B. Attitudes that changed in the late 1800’s 1. Nationalism (def. )- • love for and loyalty for one’s country. When start? 2. New Ideas a. ‘Darwinism’ (def)– • theory of evolution based on ‘survival of the fittest’ b. ‘Social Darwinism’ (def)3. Economics • ‘survival of the fittest’ applied to governments, business, people, How so? • need foreign markets Why?

3. Economics • Why a need foreign markets? • 1898 US exported more than imported for the first time • farmers increase supply of crops –new techniques and equipment • More supply requires more demand or… • New demand = • =foreign markets

II. Seward and Expansion • 1867 - • 1899 - Seward ordered Navy to occupy Midway Islands Why? Used as a coaling/refueling station for ships crossing Pacific • Seward purchased Alaska from Russia “Seward’s Folly” Not. Why? • Gold was discovered in the south • Gold found in Nome, Alaska, • 1902 - • Gold in Fairbanks • 1867 • 1880 - •

Other resources in Alaska • timber, minerals, coal, oil & nature • (Becomes a state in __)

III. Annexation of Hawaii • • • Who: - • • - - Christian missionaries –early 1800’s - Wealthy sugar and pineapple planters –dominated Hawaii’s government - Queen Liliuokalani became queen in 1891 wanted to return power to the people. - Planters appeal to US government – President Harrison (wanted a closer link in the chain of refueling stops on the way to Asia)

B. Results: • 1893 Small group of Marines help overthrow Queen L. • Stanford Dole (wealthy planter) becomes President • Treaty not confirmed by Senate nor new President Grover Cleveland • Hawaii not annexed until 1898 during Spanish-American War • (Becomes a state in 1959 )

Section 2 The Spanish –American War I. Rebellion against Spain How did people get the news in 1890’s? A. Background - Spanish Empire was _____ - People in _______, ______ and ________ burst into revolt • Newspapers • Crumbling • Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines

B. Why does the United States get involved? 1. Trade between the US and Cuba ______. 2. Spanish General _______ treatment of rebels-led by _______ 3. Yellow Journalism (def). Hearst “ you supply the _______, I’ll supply the ___” 4. Monroe Doctrine (def. ) • Drops • Weyler’s harsh • Jose Marti • Journalism that exaggerates events to attract readers • Pictures… war • 1823 warning by Pres. Monroe against European colonization in Americas

II. America Goes to War A. Pres. Mc. Kinley does not want war-Why? (2 reasons) • War would hurt America’s business interest. • He served in Antietam during Civil War-did not want people to die.

B. Mc. Kinley takes action. Why? • Public pressure demanded he take action so he sends the USS Maine to Cuba to protect US citizens. • Feb, 1898 USS Maine explodes in Havana Harbor, Cuba -260 of 350 killed, reason=? • Yellow Journalism • April 20, 1898 US Resolution –declares Cuba independent –Spanish. American War began • (Teller Amendment- guarantees Cuba’s independence after the war. • Spanish-American War -Chronology

Foreign Policies of the Early 1900’s • John Hay –Secretary of State – • 1899 Open Door Policy in China • Opens up ‘spheres of influence’ to where trading is open/equal to all nations • Empress Tsu Hsi did not want foreigners in China • ‘Boxers’ were Chinese who resent foreign influence- attack & kill hundreds called ‘Boxer rebellion’ in June 1900 • US & European troops kill thousands and crush/end rebellion to preserve China’s rights and control over it’s land

“Big Stick Diplomacy” • Theodore Roosevelt- Republican 1901 -1908 • “Big Stick Diplomacy” 1904 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (adds the use of force ) • “ speak softly and carry a big stick” and you will go far. – African proverb • Protects and controls economic problems in the western hemisphere. The US will use it’s military to influence other nations

“Big Stick Diplomacy” • Dominican Republic – 1905 Marines sent to take charge of financial affairs. • Cuba- 1906 Marines sent to prevent revolution. • Panama- 1903 Marines support a revolt of people on isthmus to gain independence from Colombia. • Rates • Canal completed in 1914 Cost: $____ million & _____ die. • $352 5609 • Picture from website- better quality

“Dollar Diplomacy” • William H. Taft--Republican 1908 -1912 • “Dollar Diplomacy” • United States uses money and investments to influence other nations. Government urges Amer. businesses to invest in Latin America

“Dollar Diplomacy” • Nicaragua- 1909 Marines sent to restore order & protect US business • China-1909 Taft tries to buy railroad in Manchuria and give to China • Honduras - 1911

‘Isolationism’- Moral Diplomacy • • Woodrow Wilson -Democrat 1912 -1920 Ideally: ‘Isolationism’-(def. ) to keep out of world affairs Reality: Tried to keep out of World Affairs. However… Sent more troops than all 3 prior Presidents

‘Isolationism’ • Sends troops to: Mexico -1914 to chase rebel Pancho Villa who killed 35 Americans. • Haiti – 1915 financial supervision • Europe -1917 to fight in World War I over 1. 2 million soldiers served

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