Basic Memory Processes Encoding Storage Retrieval (Code and put into memory) (Maintain in memory) (Recover from memory)
TIP OF TONGUE EXPERIMENT Provide a word that satisfies each of the following definitions. • • • A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered person try to kill the murderer or members of his family. A protecting charm to ward off spirits. An old coin of Spain and South America. A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock. A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of perfume. A building used for public worship by Moslems. An Egyption ornament in the shape of a beetle. The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical corps. A Russian sled drawn by three horses. A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs. A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes. A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are connected.
ANSWERS 1. A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered person try to kill the murderer or members of his family. [vendetta] 2. A protecting charm to ward off spirits. [amulet] 3. An old coin of Spain and South America. [doubloon] 4. A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock. [obsidian] 5. A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of perfume. [ambergris] 6. A building used for public worship by Moslems. [mosque] 7. An Egyptian ornament in the shape of a beetle. [scarab] 8. The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical corps. [caduceus] 9. A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs. [scimitar] 10. A Russian sled drawn by three horses. [troika] 11. A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes. [sextant] 12. A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are connected. [isthmus]
A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT ON MEMORY INSTRUCTIONS: Read each of the words below at a slow and steady rate, say, one word/sec.
DISTINGUISHED
FENCE
FRAGRANCE
FANTASY
TOWN
ROBIN
EVENING
ARMCHAIR
WOOL
ELEGANT
FABRIC
CRIMINAL
BEVERAGE
EXPENSIVE
BARRICADE
WHEEL
SUMMER
ALLIGATOR
MILKSHAKE
CINEMA
WEALTH
DRINK
Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on the previous list. Can you recognize any? Write down which words you recognize. SPRING FINCH ODOR COTTON POST BEVERAGE HAMBURGER TIRE FAMOUS ALLIGATOR IMPORTANT SPARROW ROCKING CHAIR MAP VILLAGE RICH CRIMINAL SUMMER GLOVES SODA SCARF FILM MOVIE AROMA ELEGANT PERFUME FENCE DREAM
Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on the previous list. Can you recognize any? Write down which words you recognize. SPRING [SUMMER] FINCH [ROBIN] ODOR [FRAGRANCE] COTTON [WOOL] POST [FENCE] BEVERAGE HAMBURGER TIRE [WHEEL] FAMOUS [DISTINGUISHED] ALLIGATOR IMPORTANT[DISTINGUISHED] SPARROW [ROBIN] ROCKING CHAIR [ARMCHAIR] MAP VILLAGE RICH CRIMINAL SUMMER GLOVES SODA [BEVERAGE] FILM [CINEMA] MOVIE [CINEMA] ELEGANT DREAM SCARF AROMA [FRAGRANCE] PERFUME [FRAGRANCE] FENCE
62 7 4 1 8
25 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8
1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7
S L R R
K H W D A G R O F Z
Q M R H X Z D R P P E H
CAT BOAT RUG
CLOTHES CHOOSE GIFT DRIVE BOOK TREE HAIR THIS
LOG DAY TIME CHESS LAKE CUT BIRD SHEET YOUR SEE STREET WHEEL
MEMORY SPAN 9 2 5 G M N 8 6 4 2 S L R R 3 7 6 5 4 V O E P G 6 2 7 4 1 8 X W D X Q O 0 4 0 1 4 7 3 E P H H J A E 1 9 2 2 3 5 3 0 Z D O F W D S V 4 8 6 8 5 4 3 3 2 Q D T Y N R H E H 2 5 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8 K H W D A G R O F Z 8 5 1 2 9 6 1 9 4 5 0 U D F F W H D Q D G E 9 1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7 Q M R H X Z D R P P E H
COMPUTER VS. HUMAN MEMORY COMPUTER PERMANENT X PERFECT HUMAN X PARTIAL X VARIES WITH TIME X LOCALIZED X UNLIMITED CAPACITY X INFLUENCED BY MEANING X
Chinese Room Problem Chinese text Man in room full of Chinese-English translation books. Man knows no Chinese. Man in room is a fluent Chinese-English interpreter English text Do both men know Chinese?
Three Types of Memory • Iconic (Sensory) Memory: 100 -300 msec. • Short Term (Working) Memory: 1 -30 sec. • Long Term Memory: > 2 min.
INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY
A 4 Q I B 9 6 Z 4 N 7 L
TEST FOR ICONIC MEMORY
Examples of Chunking • SOHCATOA • ROYGBIV • 1433426086125 • XFBICIADVDNHLUSAZ
Remember This Position
Serial Position Curve
Contribution of Rehearsal to Serial Position Effect
Effect of Rate Presentation on Serial Position Effect
Manipulating the Recency Effect
Different Levels of Processing in Working Memory “Shallow” Are these words in the same typeface? “HOUSE-trick” “Medium” Do these words rhyme? “BALL-TALL” “Deep” Are these words synonyms? “CAR-AUTOMOBILE”
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