Baseball Chapter 17: Urinary System Take careful notes on any questions you miss 1
• Identify the structure labeled AE – Answer: Descending Aorta • What is the scientific term for the process that expels urine from the bladder? (hint: it is not urination!) – Answer: Micturition 2
• Name vessel D? • Answer: Right Renal Artery • What is area AB? – Answer: adrenal gland 3
• What is area 9? – Answer: capsule renal • In which structure is urine stored until it can be expelled from the body, give letter & name it! – Answer: BD (urinary bladder) 4
• Name & indicate function of the structure labeled with *? – Answer: Ureters carry urine from the kidney to the bladder * 5
• What is the name of the structure labeled with the arrow? – Answer: Glomerulus 6
• This term is used to describe glucose in the urine. – Answer: Glucosuria • What comprises the renal corpuscle? – Answer: Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule 7
• What type of cells would be found in the area ? – Answer: Brush Border • What urine color would you associated with jaundice/bacterial infection? – Answer: Green 8
• An individual is suffering from chronic kidney failure, what would be the result of their Benedict’s & Biuret tests? – Answer: - Benedict’s = no sugar + Biuret = excess proteins • What is the normal p. H of urine? – Answer: 4. 5 -8. 0 9
• Identify the structure labeled 3 – Answer: peritubular capillaries • If urine smells like over-ripe apples, what condition may be suspected? – Answer: Acetouria/Diabetes 10
• Indicate the blood vessel defined by area #8 – Answer: Interlobar • The color of urine depends on the [ ] of what substance? – Answer: Urochrome 11
• What structures on the epithelial cells greatly increase the surface area & enhance reabsorption? – Answer: Microvilli • Why can women pee on a “stick” to determine if they are pregnant? – Answer: Pregnant females produce the hormone HCG which can be found in urine 8 -10 days after fertilization. 12
• These are the final • The arteries between the arterioles & branches of the arcuate arteries are interlobular called …? arteries – Answer: Afferent arterioles Interlobular 13
• Identify the structure labeled 5 – Answer: arcuate vein • These cells along with JG cells form the juxtaglomerular apparatus. – Answer: Macula Densa 14
• Identify the #21 blood vessel – Answer: interlobular • This term is used to describe the position of the kidneys – Answer: retroperitoneal 15
• Identify the structure labeled w/ the red arrow – Answer: urethra • What is pyuria? – Answer: pus (WBC) in urine 16
• What is the function of area 9? – Answer: Primary site of tubular reabsorption • What is the function of albumin in the body? – Answer: Regulates the osmotic [ ] of the blood 17
• If a person has a UTI, what type of cells would you expect to find in their urine? – Answer: WBC • What is nephroptosis? – Answer: a movable or displaced kidney 18
• True or False: Aldosterone & ADH can stimulate the reabsorption of water and sodium. – Answer: True 19
• Which tube represents a + Benedict’s test? – Tube on the right (Orange) • Name the 3 main stages of urine formation in the order they occur. – Answer: Filtration, Reabsorption & Secretion 20
• What is polydipsia? – Answer: Great dehydration which results in feelings of thirst • Suppose a urine sample revealed abnormal results, such as protein in the urine. If there is a result differing from the norm (i. e. , color, p. H, substances present), should the physician always make an immediate diagnosis of a disorder? Why or why not? – Answer: Physician may test the urine several times over a certain time period before drawing any conclusions. Changes in urine, such as the presence of certain substances, can sometimes be due to temporary chemical imbalances, heavy exercise or diet. 21
• What is hydronephrosis? – Answer: backup of urine into the kidney (often due to blocked ureter) • If your kidneys secrete renin, what will happen? – Answer: Renin is an enzyme that works to increase blood pressure 22
• What are casts & how do they formed? – Answer: molds that are precipitates of proteins & agglutinations of cells (several types: hyaline, epithelial, granular (coarse and fine), fatty, waxy, red-blood cell, and white-blood cell. ) 23
• Urinalysis is performed, what does a + Benedict’s mean? – Answer: Excess sugar in the urine. • Elevated concentrations of uric acid in the plasma cause this condition. – Answer: Gout 24
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