Barcode in Hong Kong IELM HKUST 2008

Barcode in Hong Kong IELM, HKUST 2008

Outline Introduction Project objective The use of barcode What is missing in Hong Kong Action plan IELM 550 The deliverables 2 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Introduction [1/2] Barcode A bar code (also barcode) is an optical machine-readable representation of data. barcode: 11 -14 digits Different structures E. g. UPC - retail 3 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Introduction [2/2] HK Barcode GS 1 Former Name: The Hong Kong Article Numbering Association Only organization in Hong Kong authorized to issue GS 1 and EPC identification numbers for different trading items, locations and parties Member: >1 million companies; 108 member organizations; 150 nations/economies GS 1 involves: Industrial forums Industrial Projects Workshops Provision of membership and services to industry 4 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Project objective Explore the full potential of barcode in retail in Hong Kong and beyond. 5 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Applications of Barcode in SC [1/3] Barcode used in every stages 6 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Applications of Barcode in SC [2/3] • SC and inventory tracking and control 7 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Applications of Barcode in SC [3/3] Ease the checkout of products – UPC Show prices, quantity Stock out Promotion – coupon Barcode coupons can be delivered to cell phones. Customers can redeem them at retail locations using standard barcode scanner. 8 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Barcode for Consumer [1/5] Tracking products’ information… Internet hyperlink Barcode in Japan 9 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Barcode for Consumer [2/4] Case 1: food - e. g. allergic to peanut in soy milk (gene) Case 2: medicine - contain heavy metal (e. g. In both cases, buyers may want to know mercury)? 10 more regarding: • Origins of raw materials • effects of major raw materials • Government regulatory materials • Allergic reactions/side effects • Details of quality checking • etc. Global Manufacturing IELM 550 3/17/2018

Barcode for Consumer [3/5] Use barcode to represent personal information of end customers Applications: • Buy tickets on cell phones (movie/concert. . ) • Obtain boarding pass • Identity Verification 11 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Barcode for Consumer [4/5] Buy tickets on cell phones • Hong Kong: use credit cards, pay at arrival and obtain tickets • US: pay online, print confirmation letter, scan the barcode on the letter, obtain tickets • MBO (Mobile Box Office): Pay on cell phone, obtain barcode, scan the phone screen 12 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Barcode for Consumer [5/5] • Obtain boarding pass • Scan barcode from cell phones • Identity Verification • Identities check before allowing the holder to enter • sports arenas, fairgrounds, transportation etc. 13 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

What is missing in HK? All stages of Supply Chain except Consumer Missing: barcode applications for consumer The way for Consumers to get information How to get consumers’ information Consumers: Demand Retailers: Service supply 14 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Enhancement [1/2] Software Compatible to cell-phone Develop & Update Cost Hardware support Cell phone with camera (Common) Camera resolutions? 15 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Enhancement [2/2] Network & Telecom support 2 G? 3 G? 4 G? Speed Database Issue Information required by consumers Maintenance & update Accuracy of information? 16 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Benefits [1/2] GS 1 End-user information Identity Verification – “Money Back” card of Park’n Shop E-tickets Telecommunication – E-tickets via MMS “. com” – access hyperlink & database Software & hardware – Cell phone or other medium More cooperation Standard provider & bridge Add more value Consumer More SC information Decision making Other parties in SC Software, Network, database & Cell phone Government 17 Feedback of end-user information Consumer behavior 3 rd parties Food content, medicine description Food - Food and Environmental Hygiene Dept. (食物環境衞生署 ) Medicine - Hospital Authority (醫院管理局) IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Benefits [2/2] Supply Chain: Information sharing Supplier/ Manufacturer Consumer Information system Logistic party Retailer 18 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Action plan Potential applications • Technology review • Expertise Market/Problem identification • Survey • Data analysis Hardware/software evaluation • Design and analysis of experiment Final report 19 • Conclusions • Improvements • Information collecting • Internet • Site visit • Interview with lead users • Technologyoriented Retailer • Young consumers • Expertise • GS 1 • Technological professional IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Action plan • Potential applications 2 stages Questionnaires • Technology review • Expertise • 1 st, Potential applications • 5 points scale (From want to Not want) Example: 1. Know food origin Market/Problem identification 2. Know Medicine allergy from package • Survey • Data analysis 3. E-ticket on Cell-phone • 2 nd, Problem with Selected ones • 7 points scale (From strongly disagree to neutral, to strongly agree) Example: Hardware/software evaluation • Design and analysis of experiment 1. I want to have cell-phone with camera 2. I want to know more information about *** by cell-phone at any time. 3. I would search info online before buying. • Final report 20 Data analysis • Conclusions • Improvements IELM 550 Global Manufacturing • Decision making (AHP, Analytical Hierarchy Process) 3/17/2018

Action plan Potential applications • Technology review • Expertise Market/Problem identification • Survey • Data analysis Hardware/software evaluation • Design and analysis of experiment Final report 21 • Conclusions • Improvements • • Subjects • 20 lead users Apparatus • Cell-phones with camera • Existing identification software • Potential product with barcode • Existing database support Objective evaluation • Speed-accuracy tradeoff • Factorial Design • Different barcodes (sizes) and resolutions of camera • Time and errors Subjective evaluation (User satisfaction) • 7 points scale with comments • Fromm “Strongly Disagree” to “Neutral”, “to Strongly agree” For example: 1. The barcode is easy to be scanned. 2. The cell-phone is easy to scan 3. The information is enough IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Action plan Potential applications • Technology review • Expertise Market/Problem identification • Survey • Data analysis Hardware/software evaluation • Regular Communication • Stanford • GS 1 • Design and analysis of experiment Final report 22 • Weekly meeting • Conclusions • Improvements IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

IELM 550 23 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

v 24 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

International Cooperation Stanford University US Market information Comparison with HK Applications in US Compatibility with HK Further discussion 25 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

The Deliverables A comprehensive final report Description of the goals and expectations Description of present status Demand Identification New applications description Technology review Expertise International (US) market information Usability test Evaluation of existing software and hardware Recommendations for improvements including description of risk and uncertainties Business model with promotion plan Implementation timetable with major milestones Supporting documents 26 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Overall schedule From Jan 9 th to Mar 20 th, 2009 27 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018

Thank you! Q & A 28 IELM 550 Global Manufacturing 3/17/2018