Badly behaved Spanish Sometimes in Languages you come

Badly behaved Spanish! Sometimes in Languages, you come across phrases that just don’t seem translatable, or phrases whose meaning just doesn’t appear obvious to you. Remember back when you started Spanish. . . learning that ‘tengo’ means ‘i have’? Remember a few weeks after that. . . discovering ‘Tengo ocho años’ means ‘I am 8 years old’ ? (I have 8 years? ? ? ) Confusing? This presentation will help you to remember 100+ phrases like the one above and hopefully give you some help in figuring things out for yourself when you do reading exams or exercises. Go into ‘slide show view’ on slide 2 and navigate your way around the presentation in this way. Each mouse click on a slide will reveal the English meaning BUT try to guess what the meaning is BEFORE you click. The pumpkin will take you back to the title screen (slide 2)

Badly behaved Spanish! Please enter ‘slide-show view’ to begin and click a number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

1. Tener phrases – Part 1 SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view Tener normally means ‘to have’ so you may be forgiven for thinking that it’s a nice, easy-to-understand verb. Unfortunately, tener is used in loads of phrases where we would use ‘to be’ in English. See how many you can match up to the pics. 1. Tener hambre To be hungry 2. Tener sed To be thirsty 10 8 2 4 3. Tener siete años To be 7 years old 4. Tener éxito to be successful 5. Tener calor to be hot 6 5 7 3 6. Tener frío to be cold 7. Tener ganas de vomitar To want to be sick 8. Tener miedo To be scared 9. Tener sueño To be tired 11 9 1 10. Tener prisa to be in a hurry 11. Tener razón to be right/correct Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 2. Tener phrases – Part 2 Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Blancanieves tenía mucho sueño Juanita cree que siempre tiene razón Snow White was very tired Juanita thinks she is always right No me pares, que tengo mucha prisa Voy a tener seis años en noviembre Don’t stop me, I’m in a rush I’m going to be 6 years old in november Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 3. Tener phrases – Part 3 Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Las pirañas tienen hambre a menudo Piranhas are often hungry Cuando corren en el desierto, es normal que los atletas tengan sed When they run in the desert, it’s normal for the athletes to be thirsty Tengo calor – voy a quitarme la chaqueta I’m hot – I’m going to take off my jacket Ella no me quiere - tengo ganas de llorar She doesn’t love me – I want to cry Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 4. Ojalá This phrase comes for an arabic religious word meaning ‘God willing’; although you could also translate it as ‘I wish’ / ‘I hope’. It’s used with the subjunctive. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Ojalá pudiera volar I wish i could fly Ojalá sea algo caro I hope it’s something expensive Ojalá hubiera comprado una nueva taza I wish i had bought a new cup Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 5. Susan’s / The cat’s / Japan’s In English we express possession by using apostrophe + s (Japan’s president / Susan’s house); however in Spanish they always use ‘de’(belonging to) (El presidente de Japón) (La casa de Susan). Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Las joyas de la reina de Sheba The Queen of Sheba’s jewels La gente del barrio se reúne en el parque The neighbourhood’s people meet in the park Cuatro camiones de cinco toneladas de capacidad Four 5 -tonne lorries Los lagartos de la isla de Gran Canaria The island of Gran Canaria’s lizards Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 6. Passive use of ‘se’ Part 1 What’s the difference between ‘llama’ and ‘se llama’? ‘hace’ and ‘se hace’? In Spanish, when you want to express the idea of something being done/being called/being said, you would use SE + 3 rd person singular or plural of a verb. ACTIVE - CALLING Llama a su madre cada noche She calls her mother every night ACTIVE - MAKING En América hacen la tarta con manzanas In America they make the pie with apples PASSIVE – BEING CALLED La niña se llama Beatriz The girl is called Beatriz PASSIVE – BEING MADE La lasaña se hace con queso Lasagne is made with cheese Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 7. Passive use of ‘se’ part 2 Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. En el pasado se sabía poco de la astronomía Se dice que hay extraterrestres en el Marte In the past, little was known about astronomy It is said that there aliens on Mars Los españoles se consideran católicos Spanish people are considered to be catholic ‘Jirafa’ no se escribe con una g en español ‘Giraffe’ is not written with a g in Spanish Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 8. Impersonal use of ‘se’ In Spanish, we also see an ‘impersonal’ use of ‘se’ with 3 rd person singular/plural verbs. It is very similar to the passive use and can be translated in English as ‘one can’(se puede) ‘one must’ (se debe) ‘one has to’ (se tiene que) No se permite fumar en los bars Smoking is not allowed (one can’t smoke) in bars Antes, se entraba por la puerta trasera Before, one used to go in by the backdoor No se debe comer con prisa One shouldn’t eat too quickly Se tiene que controlar las emociones One has to control their emotions Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 9. Verbs like ‘gustar’ & ‘encantar’ Normally verbs work like this…. You begin with an infinitive… COMER – TO EAT. Then you change the endings according to who is performing the action. Como – I eat Comes – You eat Come – He/She eats Comemos – We eat Coméis – You (pl) eat Comen – They eat However, some verbs like gustar/encantar/interesar work a little differently. With these verbs, it’s the thing being liked/loved/interesting that controls the verb ending. So really the verb gustar means ‘to please’, encantar means ‘to enchant’ interesar means ‘to be interest’. Click the video beneath and listen to the lyrics of the song below. Notice that although it is the same person doing all the ‘liking’, the verb still changes according to what he likes/what is likeable. Lyrics start at 0: 24 of song. See the literal translation on the right (sounds silly doesn’t it) Me gustan los aviones, me gustas tu. Me gusta viajar, me gustas tu. Me gusta la mañana, me gustas tu. Me gusta el viento, me gustas tu. Me gusta soñar, me gustas tu. Me gusta la mar, me gustas tu. Planes are likeable to me, you are likable to me Travelling is likeable to me. you are likable to me The morning is likeable to me, you are likeable to me The wind is likeable to me, you are likeable to me Sleeping is likeable to me, you are likeable to me The sea is likeable to me, you are likeable to me Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 10. Verbs like ‘gustar’ & ‘encantar’ So let’s have a look at 18 sentences, what do you think they mean? Me gusta I like it Te gusta You like it Me gusto I like myself Me gustan Te gusto You like me Te gustan You like them Le gusta Le gusto He/She likes me Le gustan He/She likes them He/She likes it Nos gusta We like it Os gusta You(pl) like it Les gusta They like it Nos gusto We like me? ? Nos gustan Os gusto You(pl) like me Os gustan Les gusto They like me Les gustan I like them We like them You(pl) like them They like them So, with verbs like gustar, it is not who is liking that changes the verb. . . it is what is being liked. What do you think these 3 sentences mean? 1. ) Le encantan He/She loves them 2. ) Les gustamos They like us 3. ) Le gustas He/She likes you Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 11. Verbs like ‘gustar’ & ‘encantar’ Some of the other verbs that work like gustar are: ‘interesar’(to be interesting), ‘molestar’(to be annoying), ‘parecer’(to appear/to seem), ‘faltar’ (to be needed) Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. ¿Te parece feo este vestido? Does this dress look ugly to you? Le molestó tener que comprar otra rueda It annoyed him to have to buy a new wheel No le interesan mucho los estudios She’s not very interested in her studies Nos hace falta otro coche We need another car Main menu

12. Al + infinitive Al + an infinitive is used in Spanish to get across the idea of ‘when something happens’/ ‘upon happening’ or ‘on happening’. It can be used with instructions or descriptions of events. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Al oír el timbre, los estudiantes van a sus clases Upon hearing the bell, the students go to classes Al llegar al aeropuerto, alquila un coche On arriving at the airport, hire a car Al ver a su oponente, tenía mucho miedo Upon seeing his opponent, he felt very scared Al ver la factura, estaba chocado When he saw the bill, he was shocked Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 13. Expressing ‘each other’ using reflexives Reflexive pronouns can be added to verbs to convey the idea of ‘each other’ Reflexive pronouns are me, te, se, nos, os and se. EXAMPLE – Escribimos cartas de cuando en vez – We write letters sometimes Nos escribimos cartas a veces – We write letters to each other sometimes Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Los gemelos se acompañan al trabajo The twins accompany each other to work Nos ayudamos con los muebles We help each other with the furniture Se conocieron en la oficina They met each other in the office Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 14. Use of indirect object pronouns Indirect pronouns are ‘me’ ‘te’ ‘le’ ‘nos’ ‘les’ They can be used in lots of ways, for example ‘me’ can mean ‘me’ ‘to me’ ‘for my’ ‘on me’ ‘at my’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Mis padres me pagaron la renta en la universidad My parents paid for my rent at uni Me estaban gastando una broma They were playing a joke on me Me van a mirar el coche en un taller They’re going to look at my car in a garage Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 15. Use of indirect object pronouns Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Le robaron el coche anoche They stole his car last night Gracias por pagarme el helado Thanks for paying for my ice cream Les van a quitar los instrumentos pronto They’re going to take their instruments from them soon Le prohibieron alojarse en el hotel They banned her from staying at the hotel Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 16. Past participles used as adjectives Examples of past participles are ‘drawn’ from ‘draw’; ‘followed’ from ‘follow’ or ‘sold’ from ‘sell’. In Spanish the past participle is usually made like this: tomado/comido/vivido (taken/eaten/lived) It can also be used as an adjective. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Las personas encuestadas prefieren una estrella a una hada The people interviewed prefer a star to a fairy Uno de los detenidos se escapó 1 of those arrested escaped Las alarmas instaladas emiten ruido si hay un fuego The installed alarms make a noise if there is a fire Uno de los atacados sigue en el hospital One of those attacked is still in hospital Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 17. Lo + past participle ‘Lo’ is a difficult thing to give a definite translation to. It can generally be translated with an adjective as being ‘The. . . thing’ so ‘lo tonto’ = ‘the silly thing’ Used with a past participle it means ‘What was __’ ‘Lo decidido’= ‘What was decided’ Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Lo ocurrido es una tragedía What happened is a tragedy No llores, lo hecho está hecho Don’t cry, what’s done is done Según lo reportado, la princesa está embarazada According to what was reported, the princess is pregnant Hay descuento de 50% sobre lo cotizado There’s a discount of 50% on what is priced Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 18. Lo + adjective ‘Lo’ is a difficult thing to give a definite translation to. It can generally be translated with an adjective as being ‘The. . . thing’ so ‘lo tonto’ = ‘the silly thing’ Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Lo mejor es cuando salen los bailadores The best thing is when the dancers come out Lo raro es que llueva en el verano The strange thing is that it rains in summer Lo bueno es poder salir de paseo The good thing is being able to go for a walk Lo tonto es cuando ves una persona sin cinturón The stupid thing is when you see someone without a seatbelt Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 19. Lo + adjective + que This type of phrase means ‘how. . ’‘lo guapo que eres’=‘how handsome you are’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No sabes lo feliz que estoy You don’t know happy i am ¿No te das cuenta de lo ridículo que estás con esa ropa? Don’t you realise how ridiculous you look with those clothes? No sabes lo cómodo que es mi sillón You don’t know how comfortable my chair is Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 20. Dejar de Although ‘dejar’ means ‘to leave/let’, dejar de means ‘to stop doing something’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Quiero dejar de fumar I want to stop smoking Los niños no dejaron de lanzar bolas de nieve todo el día The children never stopped throwing snowballs all day ¿Cuándo vas a dejar de romper mi corazón? When are you going to stop breaking my heart? Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 21. Hace + time Although the verb ‘hacer’ means ‘to do/make’ , hace is also used in time expressions to mean ‘ago’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Hace 500 años, Enrique VIII era el rey 500 years ago, Henry Viii was the king Se fue a vivir a Dubai hace poco She went to live in Dubai a short time ago Hace mucho tiempo vivía un dragón A long time ago there lived a dragon Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 22. Dejarse + infinitive ‘Dejarse’ means ‘to let oneself’ and it can be used with lots of infinitives in phrases. For example ‘Dejarse Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. El chico se dejó besar por Isabella The boy let himself be kissed by Isabella No me dejo llevar por las tendencias de moda I don’t let myself get carried away with fashion trends No te dejes perder la oportunidad de entrar al museo egipto Don’t let yourself miss the opportunity of going into the Egyptian museum Se dejó engañar por su oponente He let himself be tricked by his opponent Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 23. Llevo + time Llevar normally means ‘to carry’, ‘to wear’; however when used with a time, it gives off the idea of ‘having spent X time doing something/being somewhere/being something’. Example – Llevo dos minutos de retraso – I am 2 minutes late Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Llevo cinco minutos esperando el autobús I’ve been waiting 5 minutes for the bus Lleva una eternidad buscando una novia He’s spent an eternity looking for a girlfriend Llevaba dos años allí cuando ocurrió el accidente I’d been there two years when the accident happened La cena me lleva una hora The dinner takes me an hour Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 24. Hacer caso This verb means to ‘Pay attention to someone’ and is also used in the negative sense to ‘ignore someone’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Se lo dije al árbitro pero no me hizo caso I told the referee but he ignored me Es importante que hagas caso a tu médico It’s important you pay attention to your doctor No te voy a hacer caso en la oficina I’m going to ignore you in the office Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 25. Querer decir These two verbs are fairly common and mean ‘to want’ and ‘to say’; however when they are put together they mean ‘to mean’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No sé lo que quiere decir el mensaje I don’t know what this message means ¿Qué quiere decir ‘Alto’ en inglés? What does ‘alto mean in English? Esta señal quiere decir que hay una escuela a pocos metros This sign means that there’s a school a few metres away Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 26. Reflexive verbs often express the idea of doing something to yourself (waking up/washing/combing etc). For example ‘Lavo el coche’ - ‘I wash the car’ BUT ‘Me lavo’ - ‘I wash myself’ Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Miguel se dedica a arreglar el jardín los lunes Miguel dedicates himself to sorting the garden out on Mondays Mi nieto se cortó la rodilla jugando al fútbol My grandson cut his knee playing football Tienes que organizarte un poco mejor You have to organise yourself a bit better Hay que afeitarte para una entrevista You have to shave for an interview Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 27. Producirse This verb catches a lot of people out as it appears to look like a cognate ‘to produce’; however when this verb is reflective, it actually means ‘to take place’ or ‘to happen’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Entre 1760 y 1830, en Gran Bretaña se produjo un gran crecimiento industrial Between 1760 and 1830 a huge growth in industry took place in Great Britain Se producirá un eclipse de sol hoy a las tres El sarampión se produce durante la niñez An eclipse of the sun will happen today at 3 Measles occurs during childhood Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 28. Surgir This verb is similar to ‘producirse’ in that it is used to say something happened. It translates more as ‘to come up’ ‘to arise’ (a problem/an issue) Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Surgieron muchas nuevas ideas durante el concurso Many new ideas arose during the competition Unas peleas surgen como resultado del alcohol Some fights arise as a result of alcohol Me invitó pero algo surgió y no pude venir He invited me but something came up and i couldn’t go Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 29. Hay que This is another phrase containing 2 very common words ‘Hay’ – ‘there is’ and ‘que’ – that; however when put together it means something completely different: ‘You must’. It is used for giving orders and advice. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. There are 3 tenses included. Click to reveal answers. Hay que seguir una dieta equilibrada You have to follow a balanced diet No había que ser genio para entender a Einstein You didn’t have to be a genius to understand Einstein Habrá que cruzar el desierto You will have to cross the desert Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 30. Tener que You should know that ‘tener’ means ‘to have’ ; however ‘tener que’ means ‘to have to’. Like ‘Hay que’, it is used for commands and advice. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Tienes que ir a la fiesta en desfraz You have to come to the party in disguise Los novios tendrán que abrir el baile en la boda The bride and groom will have to startthe dancing at the wedding ¿Tuviste que pagar por un nuevo parachoques? Did you have to pay for a new bumper? Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 31. Echar part 1 ‘Echar’ is a verb that has lots and lots of meanings. It can be used in lots of phrases; however its main meanings are ‘to throw’, ‘to give’ and ‘to put’. Some of the following examples have other different meanings!! Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Echó la cabeza hacia atrás She threw her head back Los pescadores echaron la red The fishermen cast their net out Simón fue echada de la casa de su novia Simon was thrown out of his girlfriend’s house Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 32. Echar part 2 These examples are a bit harder. Try to use the idea that ‘echar’ means ‘to somehow affect something’ or ‘to put something in another place’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. ¿Echas azúcar al café? Do you take/put sugar in your coffee? La bruja le echó una maldición The witch put a curse on him El hombre herido echó la culpa al joven conductor The injured man put the blame on the young driver Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 33. Dar part 1 ‘Dar’ has even more uses than ‘echar’. Its main meaning is ‘to give’ but it is used in many different phrases and constructions. The meaning of ‘dar a’ is often ‘to open onto’ and ‘dar con’ often means ‘to hit on’/’to find’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. El dentista me dio hora para el viernes The dentist gave me an appointment for Friday Le dio mucha pena ver a los sin techo en su ciudad It made him very sad to see homeless people in his city Tenían un balcón que daba a una vista muy bonita They had a balcony which looked onto a very pretty view Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 34. Dar part 2 These are 3 more phrases which use ‘dar’. Although you know ‘dar’ means ‘to give’, translate these into normal English you would use in everyday speech. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Creo que voy a dar un paseo por el parque I think i’m going to take a walk around the park Los científicos han dado con un antídoto para la enfermedad The scientists have come across an antidote to the disease Después de recibir la factura de teléfono, le dio una voz a su hijo After receiving the phone bill, he shouted at his son Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 35. A menos que This is a phrase used with the subjunctive and it means ‘unless’. Like other phrases, it contains very common words but you need to learn the whole phrase to understand the meaning. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. A menos que vayamos en bicicleta, no podemos llegar Unless we go by bike, we can’t get there No me llames a menos que haya un fuego Don’t call me unless there’s a fire No habrá postre; a menos que comas las verduras There will be no pudding; unless you eat your vegetables Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 36. Personal a This often confuses students who first come across it and many students forget to put this into their written work – every time a person (or group of people) is the object of a verb, you need to put ‘a’ before them. This time try to translate from English to Spanish. Conocimos a sus padres después del colegio We met his parents after school Jorge llamó a su fontanero Jorge called his plumber Tiene a su suegra en casa He has his mother-in-law staying with him A los niños les encantan las piñatas Children love piñatas Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 37. Personal a at beginning of sentence Spanish has different word order in sentences so sometimes the personal a appears at the beginning instead of in the middle. You may have noticed this in the last example on the previous page. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. A Marta y Juanita les encantan las manzanas Marta and Juanita love apples A mi novio le despidieron hace poco del trabajo My boyfriend was made redundant a short time ago A los mejicanos les gusta empezar el día con una sopa Mexicans like to start the day with soup Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 38. Noun/Verb order In English, we almost always have the noun before the verb (John laughs’ The train is leaving); however in Spanish, it is very common to find the verb phrase coming before the noun. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Se quejan mucho las viejas generaciones The older generations complain a lot Han desaparecido dos cuadros de arte muy valiosos Two very valuable works of art have disappeared Iban y venían muchas personas durante la actuación Lots of people came and went during the performance Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 39. lo/la/los/las Pronouns are words that replace nouns. In English they usually appear at the end of a sentence (I saw it) , (I like them); however in Spanish they usually appear at the start. Pronouns refer back to something already mentioned but because Spanish has masculine/feminine words the sentences I saw him & I saw her would be different: Lo vi/La vi; just like I saw them could be Los vi/Las vi. Try to choose the correct sentence 1 -4 for each example. ¿Viste las hermanas de Rosa? Did you see Rosa’s sisters? Yes, I saw them yesterday 1. Sí, lo vi ayer 2. Sí, la vi ayer ¿Viste la nueva película 3 D? Did you see the new 3 D film? Yes, I saw it yesterday 3. Sí, los vi ayer ¿Viste a Simón en el pueblo? Did you see Simon in town? Yes I saw him yesterday 4. Sí, las vi ayer ¿Viste a Sara y su marido? Did you see Sara and her husband? Yes, I saw them yesterday Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 40. Volverse Volver is a common verb meaning ‘to return’ but when it is reflexive (volverse), it means ‘to become’. You must be careful in exams to notice which version is used. The verb ‘volverse’ is used to describe changes in mood/character. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Se volvió loco de repente He went mad all of a sudden A veces los niños pueden volverse melindrosos con la comida Sometimes children can become picky with their food Si practicas la meditación, te volverás más tranquila If you practice meditaion, you’ll become more calm Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 41. Ponerse Poner is a very common verb meaning ‘to put’; however when it is reflexive (ponerse) it also means ‘to become’. Like the previous verb, it is used to show people’s emotions/states change. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Se puso enferma después de un muerdo de mosquito She became ill after a mosquito bite No te pongas así Don’t get like that Mi padre se pondrá enfadado conmigo si le gano al ajedrez My Dad will get angry with me if I beat him at chess Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 42. Hacerse Hacer normally means ‘to do/make’; however when it is reflexive (hacerse), it also means ‘to become’. Unlike the 2 previous verbs, hacerse is used for more permanent things (jobs/religion etc) Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Esos 2 actores se están haciendo viejos Those 2 actors are getting old Se hicieron amigos durante el verano They became friends during the summer Voy a hacerme socio del club de golf I’m going to become a member of the golf club Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 43. u & e In Spanish the words ‘or’ & ‘and’ are normally translated by ‘o’ & ‘y’. However, when ‘o’ appears before another o or ho and ‘y’ appears before e or he, these change to ‘u’ & e’. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Los iglúes son construidos de nieve e hielo Igloos are made of snow and ice Los cazadores suelen buscar tigres u osos The hunters usually look for tigers or bears Vendemos productos de lujo e higiene We sell cleaning and hygiene products De una u otra manera, va a ganar One way or another, he’s going to win Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 44. - ísimo In Spanish you can put the ending ‘ísimo’ onto adjectives to give the idea of ‘very’ / ‘extremely’. Often the adjective drops its final letter: pobre = poor but pobrísimo = very poor Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Las temperaturas en Marruecas fueron altísimas The temperatures in Morocco were very high La cuenta va a ser carísima The bill is going to be very expensive Mi padre conduce un larguísimo camión rojo My father drives an extremely long red lorry Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 45. – azo ‘-azo’ is a painful suffix. It is added to words (usually body parts) to indicate a hit with that object. It can also be added to increase the power/emphasis of words. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Puña = fist Le dio un puñetazo impresionante He gave him an impressive punch Se pegó un martillazo en la mano He hit himself in the hand with a hammer Marcó un golazo en el final El italiano sufrió un cabezazo del francés The Italian suffered a headbutt from the Frenchman He scored a great goal in the final Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 46. Una y otra vez This phrase is used to mean ‘time and again’ so can be found when something is repeatedly done. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Una y otra vez se escapaba de la cárcel Time and again he escaped from jail Una y otra vez su ordenador se colgaba Time and time again his computer crashed Leyó la carta de amor una y otra vez She read the love letter time and time again Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 47. Ya ‘Ya’ has many uses and you need to look at the context carefully to choose which one is correct. The most common translations are ‘already’ and ‘right now’. It also means ‘yet’ as long as it is NOT in a negative sentence. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Preparados…. listos…. Ya! Ready…Steady…Go! Ya terminé la primera de mis tareas I already finished the first of my tasks Ya me tienes harta I’m just about sick of you ¿Han llegado ya tus abuelos? Have your grandparents arrived yet? Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 48. Ya no When these two words are used together, they mean ‘no longer’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Ya no queda espacio en el contenedor There’s no space left in the recycling bin Ya no quiero casarme contigo I don’t want to marry you any more Ya no soy tan joven como antes I’m no longer as young as before Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 49. Cada vez más/menos These phrases are used to indicate that something is becoming ‘more and more…’ or ‘less and less…’ Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. La chica esquió cada vez más rápido The girl skiied faster and faster Mis resultados son cada vez peores My results are worse and worse El pesista se hace cada vez más fuerte The weightlifter is getting more and more strong Cada vez menos gente usa una máquina de escribir Less and less people are using typewriters Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 50. El que/La que/Los que/Las que When Spanish people want to identify people/things that have done something or are something, they use the phrases above. Their translations are normally ‘the one(s) that’ or ‘those that’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Apoyo a los que se niegan a trabajar por él I support those that refuse to work for him Soy yo el que siempre llega tarde I am the one who always arrives late Las que tienen éxito son las que ahorran su dinero The ones who are successful are those that save their money Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 51. Ver /Oír + infinitive Ver and oír are 2 common verbs meaning ‘to see’ and ‘to hear’. Sometimes they appear with infinitives next to them. In this case, the infinitive is used to show the action that was seen or heard. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Vimos cantar a Shakira en Madrid We saw Shakira sing in Madrid Le vi interrogar al testigo durante el juicio I saw him interrogate the witness during the trial Oigo acercarse el tren I hear the train approaching Les oí gritar por miedo I heard them shout in fear Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 52. Sí que This phrase has 2 common words: ‘yes’ and ‘that’. However, when they are put together they have the meaning of ‘of course’ or ‘really’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Sí que puedes fumar en tu despacho Of course you can smoke in your office Sí que aprobaste tu examen Of course you passed your exam Ahora sí que vas a poder defenderte Now you’re really going to be able to defend yourself Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 53. Lo que This is a very common expression but lots of students still get confused by it. You could translate it as ‘the thing that’ but it is better translated as just ‘what’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Siempre hacemos lo que quiere mi mujer We always do what my wife wants ¿Has notado lo que ha ganado en autoestima? Have you noticed what she’s gained in self esteem? No entiendo lo que han puesto en el examen I don’t understand what they’ve put in the exam Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 54. Quedar part 1 Like ‘dar’, ‘echar’ and other verbs, ‘quedar’ is used for many different things. Its meanings can include ‘to arrange’, ‘to agree’, ‘to end up’ and ‘to be left’, In the following 2 slides, you will see 6 sentences which you need to try to translate into English. Click to reveal answers. Miles de familias quedaron sin hogar después de las inundaciones Thousands of families were left homeless after the floods Quedamos a las ocho a la casa We’ll meet at 8 at the house Le quedó una cicatriz después del accidente He was left with a scar after the accident Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 55. Quedar part 2 ‘Quedar’ is used for many different things. Its meanings can include ‘to arrange’, ‘to agree’, ‘to end up’ and ‘to be left’ Try to translate these 3 sentences into English. Click to reveal answers. Quedaron en no decirle nada They agreed not to tell him anything Todavía nos quedan dos horas de clase – Qué rollazo! We’ve still got two hours of class left – How boring! El chico quedó en ridículo The boy made a fool of himself Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 56. Quedarse The reflexive verb ‘quedarse’ also has lots of different uses. The most common is ‘to stay’ but it can also mean ‘to be going’ and ‘to end up’ Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Te estás quedando calvo You’re going bald Me voy a quedar en el hotel Waldorf I’m going to stay in the Waldorf hotel Se quedó dormido durante sus estudios Quédate allí, no me hables! She fell asleep during her studies Stay there, don’t speak to me Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 57. De manera que/De modo que These 2 phrases are used with subjunctive & indicative. With the indicative they mean ‘with the result that’ but with the subjunctive they mean ‘so that’. In English however, we’d probably use ‘so’ for both phrases. Below there are 4 sentences. Translate them into English and decide if they are indicative or subjunctive before you guess the correct translation. Lo he explicado varias veces de modo que lo entienden muy bien Estaba disfrazada de manera que nadie le reconociera I’ve explained many times so (with the result that) they understand it well. She was in disguise so that nobody recognised her Algo en la mente de los hombres es distinto de manera que juegan mejor al ajedrez Something in men’s brains is different so (with the result that) they play chess better El líder puede educar a los miembros del equipo de modo que sepan qué hacer The leader can educate the team members so that they know what to do. Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 58. Resultar This verb looks like it could be a cognate but it’s not really translated as ‘result’. It usually means ‘to work out’, ‘to prove’ & ‘to turn out’ and is used with outcomes. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Resultó ser un malentendido It turned out to be a misunderstanding No te resulta muy favorecedor el vestido The dress doesn’t really flatter you Me resulta muy simpática I think she’s very nice Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 59. Seguir + gerund You should know that ‘seguir’ means ‘to follow’ and ‘to continue’. A gerund is an –ing word (doing/eating/running). You can use seguir + gerund to give the idea of ‘keeps doing something’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Londres sigue siendo la ciudad europea más cara London continues to be the most expensive European city Sigue creyendo que ganará las elecciones He continues believing he’ll win the elections Seguirán jugando a pesar del tiempo They’ll continue playing despite the weather Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 60. Un centenar /millar de You’ve probably learnt that ‘cientos’ means 100 s and ‘miles’ means 1000 s. These 2 words are similar in meaning: ‘centenar’ = about 100 & millar = about 1000. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Había un millar de seguidores en la plaza There were about a thousand supporters in the square Centenares de personas fueron rescatadas Hundreds of people were rescued La tormenta desplazó a millares en Méjico The storm displaced thousands in Mexico Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 61. Sea lo que sea……. If you want to translate phrases that contain ‘whatever’ (whatever they say / whatever they do), you can use the subjunctive with ‘lo que’ or ‘donde’. . . etc Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Diga lo que diga tu profesor, los romanos eran crueles y sanguinarios Whatever your teacher says, the romans were cruel and bloodthirsty Vaya donde vaya, no va a encontrar un sitio mejor Wherever he goes, he won’t find a better place Sea lo que sea el precio, debo comprar este vestido Whatever the price is, I must buy this dress Main menu

SHIFT+F 5 for slide show view 62. Sea lo que sea. . part 2 Using the information on the previous slide, try to figure out what these 3 sentences mean in English. Click to reveal answers. Llegue como llegue, será un gran espectáculo However she arrives, it will be a great sight Hagas lo que hagas, no te rías de ella Whatever you do, don’t laugh at her Piensen lo que piensen, no les hago caso Whatever they think, I ignore them Main menu

63. Tener que ver con You met lots of ‘tener phrases’ before but maybe not as long as this one. It comes up a lot in texts and it means ‘to have to do with’ ‘to be related to’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No quiero tener nada ver con tu disputa I don’t want to have anything to do with your argument ¿Qué tiene que ver que sólo tenga tres patos What does it matter that it only has 3 legs La película tenía que ver con la selva The film was about the jungle Main menu

64. A corto plazo / A largo plazo The word ‘plazo’ means ‘a period of time’ and mustn’t be confused with ‘plaza’. There are many phrases used with ‘plazo’ but the 2 above are very common. Try to guess the meanings of the 3 following sentences. Click to reveal answers. Nuestro objetivo a corto plazo es atacar el castillo Our short term objective is to attack the castle A largo plazo, el efecto invernadero causará mucho daño In the long term. the green house effect will cause much damage El plazo termina mañana The deadline is tomorrow Main menu

65. Phrases with body parts Many phrases use body parts in them. Most of the time you can guess what they might mean but other times they are a little harder to remember. El pelo Los ojos La nariz La boca Tiene ojo para los negocios He has an eye for business El brazo La cabeza La oreja El cuello La espalda La mano El estómago Lo atacaron por la espalda He was attacked from behind (the back) La pierna La rodilla Los pies No puedo tenerme en pie I can hardly stand Main menu

66. Phrases with body parts Underneath are 3 more phrases with body parts in them. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Se puso de pie para aceptar el premio He stood up to accept the prize ¿Me echas un ojo al perrito mientras salgo a fumar? Will you keep an eye on my puppy while I go smoke? La familia caminaron del brazo The family walked arm in arm Main menu

67. Soler This verb has no direct English translation but it basically means ‘to normally do something’. It is used very often in Spanish and will probably turn up in your exam somewhere – try to remember it and pick it out when it appears. No suelo comer los helados pero hoy es mi cumpleaños I don’t normally eat ice creams but today is my birthday Las tortugas suelen vivir para cién años Tortoises normally live for a 100 years El profesor solía meterse sobre una caja para hablar The teacher always used to stand on a box to speak Main menu

68. A eso de This phrase is almost always used with time and is used to mean ‘about’. Try to translate these 2 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. A eso de las siete habrá un simulacro de incendio At around 7 o’clock, there will be a fire drill A eso de las cinco bajaron a desayunar At about 5 o’clock, they went down to breakfast Main menu

69. Volver a + infinitive You’ve already seen ‘volver’ – ‘to return’ and ‘volverse’ – ‘to become’. There is also the verb ‘volver a + infinitive’ which means ‘to do something again’ or ‘to go back to doing something’. Ha vuelto a tomar drogas He has started taking drugs again Volví a leer el libro porque era muy interesante I read the book again because it was very interesting No volveré a trabajar de noche I won’t go back to working at night Main menu

70. Para + infinitive (part 1) An infinitive is a ‘to word’ (comer = to eat / levantarse = to get up. . ) We use them in lots of phrases especially as the 2 nd verb in a sentence. There are 3 examples below. Me gusta jugar al tenis. I like to play tennis. Necesito ver al médico. I need to see the doctor. Es más fácil ser hombre It’s easier to be a man However when the ‘to word’ (infinitive) is the purpose or reason for something, it is used with ‘para’. Look at the differences between the 2 pairs of sentences below. Which sentences have an infinitive as a purpose or reason? Voy a comprar un regalo. I’m going to buy a present Entrar en este bar cuesta 10 euros. Going into this bar costs 10 euros Voy al centro para comprar un regalo. I’m going to town to buy a present Para entrar en un bar, necesitas tener 18 años To go into a bar, you need to be 18 years old Main menu

71 Para + infinitive (Part 2) So remember that when an infinitive is a purpose/reason for something, it needs to be used with para. A good way of remembering would be that you need to use para for sentences where ‘in order to’ could be used (I’m going to town in order to buy a gift) This time try to translate these 4 phrases into Spanish. Click to reveal answers. To be convincing, you’ll need a mask. Para ser convincente, necesitarás una máscara I love to go fishing Me encanta ir de pesca I work to pay for my studies Trabajo para pagar mis estudios You need a license to go fishing Necesitas un permiso para pescar Main menu

72. A partir de This is a phrase used with time – it looks like a verb but as a whole phrase it means ‘from’ in the sense of ‘from a certain point in time’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. A partir de entonces no volvimos a hablarnos From that moment on we didn’t speak to each other A partir de hoy no se puede conducir en la ciudad From today, you’re not able to drive in the city A partir de junio de 2002, Bhutto era la primera ministra de Paquistán From June 2002, Bhutto was the prime minister of Pakistan Main menu

73. A través de This phrase is very common but is sometimes difficult to understand as it has many meanings. The 3 most common translations are ‘by’ ‘through’ and ‘across’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Pusieron barricadas a través de la calle They put up barricades across the street Me enteré a través del periódico I learnt it from the newspaper Escuché a través de la puerta I listened through the door Main menu

74. Un rato This word has nothing to do with mice and rats; it’s actually a time phrase used to mean ‘a while’ or ‘time. Often this appears in exams to catch you out so be sure to notice. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Fue al cine hace un rato He went to the cinema a while ago Pasé un mal rato durante la fiesta I had a bad time during the party Me interrumpe a cada rato He keeps interrupting me En mis ratos libres hago la natación In my spare time I go swimming Main menu

75. Cuanto antes This is another phrase which combines 2 common words: cuanto – how much & antes – before. When these are used together they mean ‘as soon as possible’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. La nota dijo ‘Ven, cuanto antes’ The note said, ‘Come, as soon as possible’ Necesito un trabajo; cuanto antes, mejor I need a job, the sooner the better Te llamaré cuanto antes I’ll call you as soon as possible Main menu

76. Cuanto You’ve come across ‘¿Cuánto? ’ as a question word meaning ‘How much? ’. On its own without the accent however, it will mean ‘as much as’ or ‘as many’ Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Llévate cuanta comida quieras Take as much food as you want Gasta cuanto tiene He spends everything he has got Grita cuanta quieras, nadie te va a hacer caso Shout as much as you want, nobody will pay you any attention Cuanto más seamos, mejor The more of us there are, the better Main menu

77. Cuando/En cuanto + subjunctive When we refer to something in the future that hasn’t happened yet in English we use the present tense (When I get to the bank); however in Spanish the subjunctive is used with any phrases like this. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Llámame en cuanto llegues a Japón Call me as soon as you arrive in Japan Cuando gane la lotería, voy a mudarme a China When I win the lottery, I’m going to move to China Tan pronto como termines en el jardín, ven a comer As soon as you finish in the garden, come and eat Main menu

78. De repente This phrase has nothing to do with repenting. It is an adverb and it means ‘suddenly’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. De repente el pueblito quedó abandonado Suddenly the village was left deserted De repente surgió un nuevo estilo llamado Punk All of a sudden a new style emerged called Punk Oí un ruido de repente I heard a sound suddenly Main menu

79. Desde ‘Desde’ is used to mean ‘since’ or ‘from’ and can be used for places and time; sometimes when you learn it with time 1 st, the meaning isn’t clear when it’s used with places. . It is also used in lots of phrases as well as on its own. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Estuvo en Londres desde el lunes hasta el jueves She was in London from Monday and Thursday No puedo comer desde que María se fue I can’t eat since María left Nos mudamos desde el centro hasta las afueras We moved from the centre to the outskirts Main menu

80. Echar de menos You already came across ‘Echar’ and its many meanings before. When it is used with ‘de menos’, it means ‘to miss’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Echo de menos a mi abuelo, se murió hace poco I miss my grandfather, he died a short time ago Vuelve pronto, te echamos de menos Come back soon, we miss you No voy a echar de menos a estos bichos I’m not going to miss these bugs Main menu

81. En cuanto a You’ve already come across ‘en cuanto’ which means ‘as soon as’; however ‘en cuanto a’ means ‘as for’. Try to remember the slight difference. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. En cuanto a ir al cine, me lo pensaré más tarde As for going to the cinema, I’ll think about it later En cuanto a los coches, a mí me gusta el Fiat viejo As cars go, I like the old Fiat En cuanto a los animales, sólo admitimos los perros guía As for animals, we only allow guide dogs in Main menu

82. Me cae bien/mal. . . You should have learnt the verb caer ‘to fall’. It is also used in giving opinions on things so ‘me cae bien’ means ‘someone seems nice to you’. It is a verb which works like ‘gustar’ & ‘encantar’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Tu primo me cae muy bien I really like your cousin Me caen un poco mal los escorpión I don’t like Scorpios very much Me cae muy antipática la jefa The boss seems a bit mean to me Main menu

83. Hace falta ‘Hace’ appears in lots of phrases (ago/weather…). It appears in the phrase ‘hace falta’ where it means something is needed/required. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Hacen falta dos vasos más para Marta y Juana We need 2 more glasses for Marta and Juana Hace falta que lleves un traje para la entrevista It’s necessary for you to wear a suit to the interview Para cocinar al estilo mejicano, hace falta usar pimientos To cook in the mexican style, you need to use peppers Main menu

84. Acaso ‘Acaso’ is used in several ways but it can be used to make phrases sarcastic or rhetorical. For example, the simple question ‘Do you want cake? ’ can be made into ‘You want cake then’ by adding ‘acaso’. It can also be translated as maybe or used in phrases ‘por si acaso’ – just in case & ‘si acaso’ – if. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. ¿Acaso no te lo advertí ? Didn’t i warn you? ¿ Acaso estás nervioso cobarde? Are you nervous maybe, you wimp? Llámame antes de venir por si acaso no estoy Call me before you come just in case I’m out Si acaso ves a Marta, dale estos flores If by chance you see Marta, give her these flowers Main menu

85. Primero que nada/ Sobre todo This 1 st phrase ‘primero que nada’ is quite common and means ‘First of all’ and ‘sobre todo’ means ‘above all’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Me gustan los cóctels: sobre todo los martinis I like cocktails, especially martinis Primero que nada, hay que esuchar a la azafata First of all, you have to listen to the air hostess Hay mucho paisaje bonito en Inglaterra, sobre todo en el norte There’s lots of pretty countryside in England, above all in the North Main menu

86. A la vez / Al mismo tiempo These 2 phrases have the same meaning of ‘At the same time’. The 1 st phrase ‘A la vez’ is often a phrase that students don’t recognise or can’t work out. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Canta a la vez que toca la guitarra He sings while he plays the guitar Mujeres pueden hacer más cosas a la vez que hombres Women can do more things at once than men Leila y yo nos licenciamos al mismo tiempo Leila and I graduated at the same time Main menu

87. Acabar de You should know that ‘acabar’ means ‘to finish’; however there is a common verb ‘acabar de’ which means ‘to have just’. This is something that often appears in exams as it is not easy to guess the meaning. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No gracias, acabo de desayunar No thanks, I’ve just eaten Acababa de meterme en la cama cuando se me ocurrió una idea I had just gone to bed when I had an idea Mi novia acaba de llegar del aeropuerto My girlfriend has just arrived from the airport Main menu

88. Premiar/Regalar/Retratar…. . Sometimes you will find nouns can occur as verbs. If you’re unsure of a verb but it looks like a noun you recognise, try to use this information to guess the maning of the sentence. Premio = Prize Regalo = Present Retratar - Portrait Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Le premiaron por ayudar a los pobres They gave her a prize for helping the poor Regalaban globos en la playa They used to gift free ballons in the beach Retrató a su hermano durante las vacaciones He painted a portrait of his brother during the holidays Main menu

89. Sobrar You’ve probably come across ‘sobre’ which means ‘above’. This verb ‘sobrar’ is linked to this word, it is the opposite of ‘faltar’ ‘to be necessary’. ‘Sobrar’ means to be left over’ Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. A mí no me sobra dinero I don’t have money to throw around Nos sobra espacio en nuestra casa We have plenty of space in our house Sobró mucha comida después de navidad There was lots of food left over after christmas Main menu

90. Tan …. como This is another common phrase used to compare things that are the same. It translates as ‘as…as’. The adjective in the middle should agree with the 1 st thing being compared. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Miguel no es tan inteligente como su hermano Miguel is not as clever as his brother No soy tan fuerte como pensaba I’m not as strong as I thought Motivar a los estudiantes es tan importante como enseñar bien Motivating students is as important as teaching well Main menu

91. Tanto como ‘Tanto como’ is similar to ‘tan como’ but its used with nouns and means ‘so many…as’ or ‘so much…as’, or even ‘as much as’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No tengo tanto dinero como tú I haven’t got as much money as you Tanto los hombres como las mujeres pueden ser enfermeros Men can be nurses just as much as women A causa de la deforestación no hay tantas selvas como antes Because of deforestation, there are not so many jungles as before Main menu

92. Este/Ese/Aquel Todavía no me acuerdo de los nombres de tus tres amigas. Bueno, esta mujer aquí se llama Beatriz, esa chica cortando la tarta es Marta y aquella mujer con el bebé se llama Jani. These 3 words are called demonstrative adjectives and translate as ‘This’ ‘That’ and ‘That over there’. Each has feminine and plural forms. Look at the 2 dialogues & pay attention to the positions of the women referred to. I still don’t remember the names of your friends. Well, this woman here is called Beatriz, that girl cutting the cake is Marta and that woman over there with the baby is called Jani. Main menu

93. A lo mejor This is another phrase which is made of familiar words but means something different together. ‘A lo mejor’ translates as ‘maybe’ or ‘perhaps’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. A lo mejor este verano vamos a Italia Maybe this summer we’ll go to Italy A lo mejor ha entrado un ladrón en la oficina Perhaps a thief has come into the office A lo mejor debería comprar un mapa Maybe I should buy a map Main menu

94. A no ser que ‘A no ser que’ means the same as ‘a menos que’ – unless. They both take the subjunctive. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Quedaremos en casa a no ser que haga sol We’ll stay at home unless it’s sunny A no ser que encuentre mi pasaporte, no puedo ir Unless I can find my passport, I can’t go A no ser que me descubran, me quedaré en el bosque Unless they discover me, I will stay in the wood Main menu

95. -ito Have you noticed how women who are married are called ‘Señora’ Mrs but unmarried women are called ‘Señorita’ Miss. Señorita is an example of a dimunitive (something that is a smaller version) Just add ito/ita to nouns. Try to translate these 4 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Tengo un perrito que se llama Boris I have a puppy called Boris Llevo a mi hijo en cochecito I take my son around in a pram (little car) Juanito lloró su primer día en el colegio Little Juan cried on his 1 st day at school Es pequeñito pero es fortísimo He’s absolutely tiny but he’s very strong Main menu

96. Dondequiera/Cualquiera/Quienquiera These 3 phrases are linked to question words ‘¿Dónde? ’, ¿Cuál? and ‘¿Quién? (where? /which? /who? ) but are used to give the idea of something more vague (wherever / whichever, any / whoever). These phrases also take the subjunctive. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Dondequiera que vayas, estaré contigo. Wherever you go, I will be with you De cualquiera forma que se haga, te va a criticar However you do it, he’s going to criticise you Quienquiera que quiera probar ropa debe ir al probador Whoever wants to try on clothes needs to go to the fitting room Main menu

97. Tampoco ‘Tampoco’ means the opposite of ‘también’. It translates as ‘neither’ or ‘either’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No he estado en Roma ni tampoco en Paris I’ve not been in Rome, or in Paris either Ese idiota tampoco va a resolver el misterio That idiot isn’t going to solve the mystery either Ellos tampoco saben el secreto They don’t know the secret either Main menu

98. Todo el mundo / Todas las partes These 2 phrases are very common but need to be understood as a whole instead of 1 word at a time. ‘Todo el mundo’ means ‘everyone’ whereas ‘todas las partes’ means ‘everywhere’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. No todo el mundo tiene gusto para vestirse Not everyone has fashion sense Llega la primavera y por todas partes se ven flores Spring arrives and you see flowers everywhere Todo el mundo tiene derecho a votar Everyone has the right to vote Main menu

99. Demás ‘Demás’ is used to mean ‘the rest’, ‘the remaining’ or ‘the others’. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. Me dio uno y se quedó con los demás He gave me one and kept the rest Me gusta la lámpara, todo lo demás es basura I like the lamp, everything else is rubbish Josefina habla y los demás tenemos que callarnos Josefina speaks and the rest of us have to shut up Main menu

100. 0. . . 0 / ni. . ni When you see o…. o in sentences or ni…ni, they mean ‘either…or’ & neither. . . nor. Try to translate these 3 phrases into English. Click to reveal answers. O mañana o jueves, iremos al circo Either tomorrow or Thursday, we’ll go to the circus Para mi próximo quiero o un Porsche o un Ferrari For my next car I want either a Porsche or a Ferrari Ni me gusta, ni me desgusta I neither like it nor dislike it Main menu

And finally. . . You can click on the box below (in slide show view) to practise all the phrases you have learnt in this presentation.