B Khan 1894 -1917 1918 -1947 1948

B. Khan

1894 -1917 1918 -1947 1948 -1978 1993 - present 1993 -present 100 100 100 200 200 200 300 300 300 400 400 400 500 500 500

Zionism / The Zionist Movement – A Jewish movement that arose in the late 19 th century in response to growing anti-Semitism and sought to re-establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Modern Zionism is concerned with the support and development of the state of Israel. Theodor Herzl founded this movement and outlined his ideas in his book entitled, “Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)”, published in February 1896. Row 1, Col 1

The (Macdonald) White Paper of 1939 This policy was named for then British Colonial Secretary. It stated that since the Balfour Declaration had called only for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and since there were over 450, 000 Jews in Palestine, Britain had met its responsibilities. Therefore, Britain would work towards the establishment of an independent state in Palestine, over a ten-year period. It stated that over the next five years, it would only admit another 75, 000 Jews, and the numbers of any Jews arriving illegally would be deducted from that quota. It also forbade further Jewish purchase of land. The Jews of Palestine and the rest of the Jewish world were outraged at this apparent British betrayal. This policy also served to seal the fate of many of the Jewish faith in Europe who now had nowhere to flee from Nazi tyranny. 1, 2

1956 Suez Crisis Considered to be the most significant turning point in post-war British foreign policy, the Suez Crisis refers to the British decision to join with France and Israel in a military intervention to attempt to prevent General Nasser from nationalizing the Suez Canal in the autumn of 1956. Nasser was promoting Arab nationalism throughout the Middle East and had become an increasing source of irritation to the British and the French. The Anglo-French assault upon Egypt, which began on 31 October 1956, provoked a furious response from the USA. President Eisenhower's condemnation of the attack triggered a sterling crisis which forced the government to withdraw from the venture. This angered the French, and further revealed Britain's growing dependence on the support of the US. BBC http: //www. bbc. co. uk/history/timelines/britain/post_suez. shtml (01/05) This 1956 conflict between Egypt, Britain, France and Israel became the first Canadian Peacekeeping effort. 1, 3

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism The region of the Middle East is significant to these three major world religions? 1, 4

Great Britain 1917. The Balfour Declaration November 2, 1917 - During the First World War, British policy became gradually committed to the idea of establishing a Jewish home in Palestine (Eretz Yisrael). After discussions in the British Cabinet, and consultation with Zionist leaders, the decision was made known in the form of a letter by Arthur James Lord Balfour to Lord Rothschild. The letter represents the first political recognition of Zionist aims by a Great Power. The first “Great Power” to officially recognize Zionist aspirations for statehood. 2, 1

These regulations were implemented by the National Socialist Party in Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. These repressive laws also serve as an important reminder of the need for all human beings to treat each other with respect and dignity. The following laws passed in this country helped to facilitate the emigration of European Jews to Palestine: 1936 - Jews no longer have the right to vote 1937 - Passports for Jews to travel abroad are greatly restricted. 1938 - Jews must carry id. cards and Jewish passports are marked with a J; Jews may no longer own or bear arms; Jews may no longer head businesses; Jews may no longer attend plays, concerts, etc. ; all Jewish children are moved to Jewish schools; all Jewish businesses are shut down; Jews may no longer be in certain places at certain times; Jews must hand over drivers' licenses and car registrations; Jews must sell their businesses and hand over securities and jewels; Jews may no longer attend universities. 2, 2

Camp David Accords September 1978 Agreement reached at the official presidential “country house” in the hills of Maryland. President Jimmy Carter (USA), President Anwar Sadat (Egypt), Prime Minister Menachem Begin (Israel) This agreement attempted to address three major problems: 1. Israel would need to evacuate Sinai and the Golan Heights captured from Egypt and Syria 1967. 2. The Arab countries would need to reassure Israel that it would not be overwhelmed by a sudden attack in the future. 3. The Palestinians especially those on the West Bank and in Gaza needed some form of independent government. 1, 4

Gaza The Israeli government is presently contemplating a unilateral withdrawal from this occupied territory? 2, 4

The Dreyfus Affair 1894 It centered on the 1894 treason conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish artillery officer in the French army. Dreyfus was, in fact, innocent: the conviction rested on false documents, and when high-ranking officers realized this they attempted to cover up the mistakes. The writer Emile Zola exposed the affair to the general public in the literary newspaper L'Aurore (The Dawn) in a famous open letter to the Président de la République Félix Faure, titled J'accuse! (I Accuse!) on January 13, 1898. In the words of historian Barbara W. Tuchman, it was "one of the great commotions of history". Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dreyfus_affair (01/05) The 1894 treason conviction of an innocent Jewish artillery officer in the French army? 3, 1

The British Mandate for Palestine On July 24, 1922, the council for the League of Nations confirmed the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate for Palestine. Palestinians were governed through this arrangement that came from the Treaty of Versailles? 3, 2

Hosni Mubarak In 1981, Mr. Mubarak became President of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Chairman of the National Democratic Party. President Mubarak was re-elected by majority votes in 1987, 1993, and 1999 for three successive terms. This leader replaced Anwar Sadat as President of Egypt in 1981? 3, 3

Yitzhak Rabin (Israel) Yasser Arafat (Palestinian) These two leaders attempted to negotiate a settlement in Oslo Norway (1993). An agreement was reached That for the creation of a Palestinian state. 5, 3

Shimon Peres This Israeli politician has often been involved with peace negotiations with Palestinians? During the 1990’s he also served a short term as Prime Minister. 3, 4

Bethlehem and Jerusalem Which area was the Proposed UN partition / international zone supposed to encompass according to the maps below? 4, 1

Pogroms This word that is Yiddish, from Russian, literally means devastation. It often refers to an organized massacre of helpless people; specifically : such a massacre of Jews. 4, 2

1947 UN Partition Plan This attempt toward a solution was rejected by Palestinians and Arab nations two years after the formation of the United Nations? 4, 3

Yasser Arafat/Shimon Peres/Yitzhak Rabin Winners of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Peace, "for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East“. Yasser Arafat- Palestine/ Chairman of the Executive Committee of the PLO; President of the Palestinian National Authority Shimon Peres – Israel/ Foreign Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin – Israel / Prime Minister of Israel Who are these three people? 5, 2

2003 Road Map to Peace (April 30, 2003) This 2003 initiative led by the Middle East “Quartet”, the European Union, the United Nations, Russia and the United States has called for: • An end to violence and terrorism • A ”final and comprehensive settlement” of the conflict by 2005 • An independent, democratic and viable Palestinian state living side by side in peace and security with Israel 5, 1

The fence/wall being constructed in the West Bank by the Israeli government. What does the image below refer to? 5, 4

Intifada It came into common usage as the popularized name for two recent campaigns directed at ending the Israeli military occupation. It is one of the most significant aspects in recent years of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The first Palestinian intifada began in 1987, with a decrease in violence in 1991 and a more complete end with the signing of the Oslo accords (August 1993) and the creation of the Palestinian National Authority. The Al-Aqsa Intifada (also known as the second Palestinian intifada) was the violent Palestinian-Israeli conflict that began in 2000. Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Intifada (01/05) Palestinian uprisings in 1987 and at present are referred to as: 5, 5

Mahmoud Abbas The newly elected President of the Palestinian Authority and people attempting to seek peaceful negotiations with the state of Israel?

Uganda During the first half of the 20 th century this country was rejected as a place where Jews could seek refuge from persecution in Europe? 5, 1

Egypt, Transjordan, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon This is also known as the First Arab War 1948. The day after the creation of the state of Israel (May 14/1948) these nations attacked it? 5, 2

Yom Kippur War 1973 The October 1973 War (known in Israel as the Yom Kippur War and in the Arab world as the Ramadan War) After an unsuccessful persuasion by Egypt to have Israel give up some land captured (UN Security Council Resolution 242) during the Six-Day War 1967 this sudden invasion was launched in 1973? 5, 3

The construction of a wall in the West Bank A dispute between Palestinians and Israeli’s was recently heard by the Hague (United Nations International Court) in relation to this? 5, 4