AVS Technology IPR and Applications Prof Huang

AVS – Technology, IPR and Applications Prof. Huang Tiejun Audio and Video coding Standard Working Group of China Institute of Digital Media Technology, Peking University Oct. 12, 2010

Video coding… • Compress high bit-rate digital video signal as low bit-rate stream – SD: from ~250 Mbps to < 5 Mbps – HD: for >1 Gbps to < 20 Mbps • is the reason makes DTV possible at 1994 • and always a core concern for Digital TV system and any other digital video applications

Video coding Standards • ISO/IEC recommended MPEG series standards – MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 • ITU-T recommended H. 26 X series standards – H. 261, H. 262, H. 263+, H. 263++ 1 G standards 2 G standards H. 264 / MPEG-4 AVC China MPEG-China AVS 3

MPEG-2: the 1 st Generation • ISO/IEC 13818 / ITU-T H. 262 @ 1994 – SDTV at ~5 Mbps – HDTV at ~20 Mbps • Makes DTV became reality – Europe DVB at 1997 – USA ATSC at 1997 – Japan ISDB at 1998 – China DTMB at 2006

AVS – one of the 2 nd Generation • In Feb 2006, AVS video issued as Chinese national standard – GB/T 20090. 2 -2006 – Effective from Mar 2006 • In Aug 2006, DTMB issued as Chinese national standard – GB/T 20600 -2006 – Mandatory from Aug 2007 5 5

2 nd. G Video – ITU-T IPTV Selection • ITU-T IPTV FG decided to recommended the following video format at May 2007 – – H. 264/ MPEG-4 AVC MPEG-2 (for Legacy) AVS – GB/T 20090. 2 SMPTE VC-1 • ITU-T Q 6 -WP 3 -SG 16 meeting at last week (10 July 09) decided to release upper document as the ITU Technical Paper on “Media coding toolbox for IPTV” 2018/3/18 6

Video Compression Performance Improvement Compression Ratio AVS-? /MPEG-? /others-? 250 HD: 6 -8 Mbps SD: 1 -2. 5 Mbps 150 50 AVS MPEG-4 AVC/H. 264 VC-1 HD: 20 Mbps SD: 4 -6 Mbps MPEG-2 MPEG-1 19911994 2003 2030 7

Outline • • • Licensing problem for AV standards AVS approach for dealing with IPR AVS Video technologies AVS Products AVS Applications nowadays Conclusion and Discussion

Higher Performance, High Cost • Gold age is far away… – MPEG-1, MPEG-2 – H. 261, H. 262, H. 263+/++ • Face to complicated situation nowadays – H. 264, VC-1

MPEG Standards • 1991：MPEG-1 – Royalty Free • 1994：MPEG-2 – DVD, DTV, Emmy Award – 2. 5$ per device • 1996：MPEG LA—A licensing agency • 1999：MPEG-4 SP (Part 2) – 0. 25 $/device, coding time based charge (2 cents/ hours) – Objected by AOL-Times Warner • 2003：H. 264/MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC – Nov. 17, 2003: Licensing policy – title based licensing – Objected by EBU（EBU Technical Statement-D 96 -2003) – May. 20, 2004: Policy finalized, little revision 10

First Effort to deal with patent issue for MPEG-2 • • • Leonardo Chiariglione《Patents and standards》 – http: //www. chiariglione. org/ride/patents_and_standards. htm If Gutenberg had lived in a culturally more advanced city like Venice or Florence, which had already started issuing litterae patentes ("open letters", whence the word "patent" comes from) since a few decades, he could have protected his invention with a patent. Some time later, MPEG had to deal with MPEG-2 patents. Many companies had participated in the MPEG-1 development not so much because they necessarily had plans to make products in that space, but because they were keen to be around and help tune up the MPEG machine for the big MPEG-2 deal. In January 1993 I took the initiative to invite to the Rome meeting Mike Smith, head of the Information Technology Task Force (ITTF), the group inside the ISO Central Secretariat in Geneva looking after JTC 1 matters. Mike provided advice on how this difficult issue could be treated without trespassing the limits set by the ISO/IEC directives. In the event, an MPEG-2 Patent Pool was established, managed by MPEG LA. This organisation acts as a "one-stop shop" for MPEG-2 Video and Systems patents (Audio is not part of the licensing), but there a few companies licensing their technology separately. The result is reasonable (4$ - 2. 5$/device)

网址 http: //www. mpegla. com

AVC/H. 264 licensing structure Participation Fees Where End User pays Subscription Codec Manufacturers Title-by-Title Internet Broadcast Free Television Participation Fees where Remuneration is from Other sources Source: AVC/H. 264 license terms 2018/3/18 http: //www. avs. org. cn 13

AVC/H. 264 License Terms: Participation Fees • Where End User pays for AVC Video – Subscription (not limited by title) – 100, 000 or fewer subscribers/yr = no royalty; > 100, 000 to 250, 000 subscribers/yr = $25, 000; >250, 000 to 500, 000 subscribers/yr = $50, 000; >500, 000 to 1 M subscribers/yr = $75, 000; >1 M subscribers/yr = $100, 000 – Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; >12 minutes in length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0. 02 per title. • Where remuneration is from other sources – Free Internet Broadcast (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty during first term (through 2010; not greater than free television thereafter) – Free Television - (a) one-time $2, 500 per transmission encoder or (b) annual fee starting at $2, 500 for > 100, 000 HH rising to maximum $10, 000 for > 1, 000 HH • Enterprise cap: $3. 5 M/yr 2006 -07, $4. 25 M/yr 2008 -09, $5 M/yr 2010 • Royalties begin January 1, 2006 Source: AVC/H. 264 license terms 2018/3/18 http: //www. avs. org. cn 14

Effort for 2 G: RF JVT baseline AVS Strategy turned in 2003 For JVT baseline + essential enhanced tools To a dependent, compact, patent clear standard

MPEG LA专利池构成与风险分析

AVS Mission • To develop a 2 nd Generation video coding standard with same/better coding performance than others • Avoids licensing risk based on clearly analysis of related patents in last 50 years • To help DTV, IPTV and new media operators in China and out of China leave from more and more dangerous licensing mire • AVS was born at Mar. 2002 2018/3/18 18

Outline • • • Licensing problem for AV standards AVS approach for dealing with IPR AVS Video technologies AVS Products AVS Applications nowadays Conclusion and Discussion

AVS Working Group • Set up by MII (Ministry of Information Industry) in June of 2002 • In charge of national standardization of audio-video coding for Chinese A/V industry • Also in charge of organizing the delegation of China National Body to MPEG(ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11) 2018/3/18

AVS membership 2018/3/18

国内企业 Local Members 2018/3/18

MNC or Out of China 外资企业和国外企业 2018/3/18

AVS Subgroups • • System Video Audio Digital Media Rights Management Requirement Conformance IPR Implementation 2018/3/18

AVS IPR Experts Group formation • Late 2003 the President of AVS asked that a group of experts be assembled to create a recommendation for an IPR policy for AVS • Create policies that: – – – reflect and respect China law and culture reflect WTO requirements reflect successful global practices balance the rights of the inventor and needs of the implementers innovative and forward looking evolves with practice and law in China 2018/3/18

Mission of AVS IPR Group • Make a friendly environment for technical society (standard body), industry, and end user • Key issue to work out – Reforming the IPR policy making by only IP holder, to by IP holder + industry + consumer 2018/3/18

AVS IPR Experts Group • Experienced members: 经验丰富的成员 – – Patent Attorneys专利律师 Technical Experts技术专家 Contract Attorneys处理合同的律师 Previous experience in setting up patent pools具有建立专利池相关经 验的成员 • Members are from: 成员来自 – Asia 亚洲 – Europe 欧洲 – North America 北美 • Members represent: 成员代表了 – Consumer Electronics 消费电子产品界 – Information Technology 信息技术界 – Microelectronics微电子产业界 2018/3/18

AVS IPR Experts group • Members – – – – Broadcom IBM Intel Matsushita/Panasonic Microsoft Nokia Sony Sun Microsystems 2018/3/18

Licensing Obligations Join AVS • Sign Member Agreement • Declare default option Non-Participant: • RAND RF • POOL • RAND • No License Participate in Subgroup • Commit to license • License options • RAND RF • POOL • RAND Submit Contribution • Disclose patents • Declare license option China Patent: • RAND RF • POOL Participant: • RAND RF • POOL • RAND 2018/3/18 Worldwide Patent: • RAND RF • POOL • RAND

Disclosure Obligations • When making a contribution – Unpublished, published and granted patents • Ongoing – When a patent is discovered – When a Patent Application is published • During Final Draft Standard Review – 90 days to declare licensing option, OR: – Default applies 2018/3/18 http: //www. avs. org. cn 31

AVS Licensing • 1 RMB concept – Only one charge, to device/software/chip – No charge to operator – No charge to end-user • Will be handled by AVS PPA – PPA is a non-profit organization – Founded By #1 institute of MII and ICT of CAS, in 2005 2018/3/18 http: //www. avs. org. cn 32

Three Independent Organizations of AVS Working Group Technical Evaluation Licensing principle IPR Principle AVS Patent Pool Council AVS Licensing Essential evaluation One-Stop license AVS Industry Alliance Cooperation & Development Applicatio Standard Better Implem. • AVS Industry Chain Public knowledge Patent： -Royalty Free -AVS Pool -RAND 2018/3/18 AVS Stand ards AVS Patent Pool • ICs, software • Device, System • Operating, Service • AVS Industry Cluster • HDTV • IPTV • DTH • Mobile. TV • …… R&D IPR Industry 33

AVS Industry Alliance – – – – Amoisonic Broadcom Changhong Haier Huaju Huawei Langchao NSCC 2018/3/18 – – – – http: //www. avs. org. cn Panstar Semi SVA Skyworth Spectrum Communication Sunnywell TCL USstarcom ZTE 34

Outline • • • Licensing problem for AV standards AVS approach for dealing with IPR AVS Video technologies AVS Products AVS Applications nowadays Conclusion and Discussion

AVS 1 Family AVS Parts 国家标 准计 划号 STD Number 小组 草案 （WD） 作组 草案 (CD) 最终 草 案(FCD) 标 准送审 稿（FD） 国家标 准发 布实 施（GB） AVS 1 -P 1（系统 -广播） 20051304 -T-339 2003. 10 2003. 12 2006. 10 2007. 03 AVS 1 -P 2（J-profile） 20032265 -T-339 2003. 10 2003. 12 2004. 4 2004. 8 2006. 2 AVS 1 -P 2（X-profile） 20032265 -T-339 2005. 9 2006. 3 2007. 12 AVS 1 -P 2（S-profile） 20051305 -T-339 2007. 12 2008. 3 2008. 6 2008. 9 AVS 1 -P 3 (Audio-Stereo) 20051305 -T-339 2004. 12 2005. 3 2005. 12 2006. 4 AVS 1 -P 3（M-profile） 20051305 -T-339 2005. 12 2006. 4 AVS 1 -P 4（Conformance） 20051306 -T-339 2006. 9 1006. 12 2007. 3 AVS 1 -P 5（Ref. Software） 20051307 -T-339 AVS 1 -P 6（DRM） 20051308 -T-339 2005. 3 2005. 12 2006. 12 2007. 3 AVS 1 -P 7（Mobility Video) 20051309 -T-339 2004. 6 2004. 9 2004. 12 2006. 4 AVS 1 -P 8. 1（System-IP） 20074554 -T 469 2005. 3 2005. 9 2005. 12 2006. 3 AVS 1 -P 8. 2（System-IP） 20074554 -T 469 2006. 1 2006. 3 2007. 6 AVS 1 -P 9. 1（File Format） 20074555 -T-469 2005. 3 2005. 9 2005. 12 2007. 12 AVS 1 -P 9. 2（File Format） 20074555 -T-469 2018/3/18 AVS 1 -P 10（Mobile Speech TBD and Audio） 2006. 1 2006. 3 2007. 9 2007. 12 2007. 3 2007. 11 2008. 3 2007. 6

MPEG-2 Video Control Data Trans. / Quant - Coeff. IQ/IT Decoder Entropy Coding 0 Inter/Intra Motion compensation MV AVS Tutorial Motion estimation Oct. 20, 2004 37

AVS Video Control Data Trans. / Quant - Coeff. IQ/IT Decoder Entropy Coding Intraframe Prediction Deblock Inter/Intra Motion compensation MV AVS Tutorial Motion estimation Oct. 20, 2004 38

AVS Video Control Data Trans. / Quant - Coeff. IQ/IT Decoder Entropy Coding Intraframe Prediction Deblock Inter/Intra Motion compensation MV AVS Tutorial Motion estimation Oct. 20, 2004 39

Periods of key video coding tools contributed DPCM Macroblocks Transform Coding DCT P-frames B-frames 1950 Huffman Coding Video Object Planes Variable Blocksize Motion Compensation Multiple Reference ~1988 Hybrid Coding Block Motion Estimation Scene Adaptive Coder Interlace Motion Vector Prediction Object. Based Scalabilit y 1999 Generic B-pictures Integer Transfor m Advanced Deblocking Filter Error Resilienc e Modified from C Reader, 2002 2018/3/18 http: //www. avs. org. cn 40

Coding tools and its contribution Entropy coding ME and MC Transform and bit allocation Color space Conversion 1 st G 2 * 3 ≈ 50 2 nd G 2 * 3 * 6 * 3 ≈ 100 2018/3/18 41

AVS Video Tools • AVS 1 video accepted 42 technical proposals from more than 200. • Major tools – – – – • Transform – 16 bit-implemented 8 x 8 integer transform Quantization and scaling - scaling only in encoder Intra prediction – 5 modes Motion compensation – 16 x 16/16 x 8/8 x 16/8 x 8 modes Quarter-pel interpolation – 4 -taps interpolation filter Deblocking Entropy coding Minor tools – Motion vector prediction – Skipped mode and Coded block pattern – Adaptive scan AVS Tutorial Oct. 20, 2004 42

Spatial Coding Tools 1970 s 1960 s Andrews, 1968 Fourier Transform Huang 1966 Statistical Coding Max, 1960 Non-Uniform Quantizer Fano 1949 Huffman 1952 Pratt, 1969 Hadamard Transform Chen, 1973 Slant Transform Ahmed, 1974 Cosine Transform Pratt 1969 Zonal Coding Habibi, 1971 Block Classification Huang 1963 Block Quantization Tasto 1971 Adaptive Block Coding Seyler 1962 Variable. Length Coding VLC Video Chen 1981 Scene Adaptive Coder Woods 1969 Dead-Zone Quantizer Uniform Quantizer Pratt 1969 Threshold Coding Tescher, 1976 Pratt, 1970 Run-Length Coding Tescher, 1975 Zigzag Scan ZZ-Run. Length Coding Tescher, 1977 C Reader, 2002 2018/3/18 Rate Buffer 43

173 184 190 198 194 192 192 Y RGB 180 187 182 189 193 191 194 196 180 181 182 184 189 196 199 U V YUV DCT 178 174 175 180 186 175 177 173 167 170 176 178 181 179 177 170 171 176 184 185 172 181 165 167 165 168 174 171 175 181 162 163 158 162 169 172 175 179 -2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 64 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VLC/ CABAC 011010001011101. . . 7 1430 -32 -4 -1 4 -4 0 -2 -2 -9 -4 -1 0 -3 -3 0 -7 3 -6 -6 0 -4 0 7 3 -16 -3 5 1 -2 -1 -12 8 -8 -2 -1 -1 4 -1 0 -3 0 0 2 -2 0 0 0 3 -4 2 0 -4 6 3 0 0 0 5 -4 -1 -10 4 -1 -3 2 Quant 7 C(h, v)=C(v)C(h)ΣΣ[P(x, y)COS{πv(2 y+1)/16}COS{πh(2 x+1)/16}] 17 17 18 18 24 24 47 47 99 99 16 16 16 16 8 8 16 1619 1922 2226 2627 2729 2934 34 16 16 11 11 10 10 16 16 24 24 40 40 51 51 61 61 18 18 21 21 26 26 66 66 99 99 16 x=0 y=0 16 16 16 16 1616 1622 2224 2427 2729 2934 3437 37 12 12 14 14 19 19 26 26 58 58 60 60 55 55 24 24 26 26 56 56 99 99 99 16 16 16 16 19 1922 2226 2627 2729 2934 3438 38 14 14 13 13 16 16 24 24 40 40 57 57 69 69 56 56 C(v)=C(h)=1/2 [v, h≠ 0] C(0)=1/2√ 2 47 47 66 66 99 99 99 16 16 16 16 22 2226 2627 2729 2934 3437 3740 40 14 14 17 17 22 22 29 29 51 51 87 87 80 80 62 62 99 99 99 99 16 16 16 16 22 2226 2627 2729 2932 3235 3540 4048 48 109 103 18 18 22 22 37 37 56 56 68 68109 103 77 77 99 99 99 99 16 16 16 16 26 2627 2729 2932 3235 3540 4048 4858 58 104 113 24 24 35 35 55 55 64 64 81 81104 113 92 92 99 99 99 99 16 16 16 16 26 2627 2729 2934 3438 3846 4656 5669 69 103 121 120 101 49 49 64 64 78 78 87 87103 121 120 101 99 99 99 99 16 16 16 16 27 2729 2935 3538 3846 4656 5669 6983 83 112 100 103 72 72 92 92 95 95 98 98112 100 103 99 99 DCT-based Compression

AVS Innovation Example(1) DCT Transform Matrix in AVS Differs from the one in MPEG-2 (floating value) and H. 264 (4 X 4 and 8 X 8) that was patented with similar performance (or even better in some cases ) 2018/3/18 45

Temporal Coding Tools 1960 s 1970 s Seyler 1962 Temporal Statistics PRA Motion Estimation Candy 1971 Conditional Update (Spatial; Pixel) DPCM Netravali 1979 Motion Measurement Motion Modeling Seyler 1962 Harrison 1952 Limb 1975 Brofferio 1970 Netravali 1979 Motion Compensated DPCM (Pixel) 3 D (Temporal) DPCM Rocca 1969 Conditional Update (Spatial; Block) Taki 1974 BMA Motion Estimation Motion Compensated DPCM (Block) Giorda 1975 Variable – Size BMA Motion Est. Jain 1979 Schroeder 1970 Transform in DPCM Loop with MC Hybrid Coding Pratt 1968 Transform Coding (Intra) H. 120 Koga 1981 Reader 1973 Conditional Update (Transform) Roese 1975 H. 261 MPEG 2 Etc. Netravali 1979 Motion Compensated Transform Hybrid Coding (Transform) Jones 1978 C Reader, 2002 Interlaced Field/Frame Coding MPEG 2 46

Skip, Direct and Symmetry Modes in B-frame • Same: – Use both forward and backward reference frame to predict • Different: – Skip: no coded MVD, no coded coefficient – Direct: no coded MVD, with coded coefficient – Symmetry: with 1 coded MVD and coded coefficient 47

AVS B-frame Compared with Other Standards • AVS – Bi-prediction • Skip, direct – No motion vector • Other cases – 2 coded motion vector – No motion vector • Symmetric – 1 coded motion vector • Higher compression ratio 48

AVS vs. H. 264 vs. MPEG-2 AVS 1 -P 2 tools H. 264 MPEG-2 Intrainterpolation 8 x 8, 5 modes for Y prediction, 4 modes for UV prediction 4 x 4, 9 modes for Y prediction, 4 modes for UV prediction Prediction only to DC coefficient Reference frame <=2 <=16 <=2 Block-size for MC 16 x 16, 16 x 8, 8 x 16 8 x 8, 8 x 4, 4 x 8, 4 x 4 16 x 16, 16 x 8(interlace) B frame micro -block bidirection prediction Coding front motion vector, and computing back motion vector Coding two motion vectors

AVS vs. H. 264 vs. MPEG-2 (cont’d) tools AVS 1 -P 2 H. 264 ½ pixels 6 -tap ¼ pixels 2 -tap MPEG-2 ¼ pixel MC ½ pixels 4 -tap ¼ pixels 4 -tap Transform and quantizatio n 8 x 8 integer transform， 4 x 4 integer encoding site transform, both normalization only encoding and decoding sites need to normalize 8 x 8 float DCT Entropy coding Adaptive 2 D VLC CABAC VLC Loop filter 8 x 8 based Less boundaries Less BS-levels (0. . 2), Less pixels filtered (p 0, p 1, q 0, q 1) 4 x 4 based N/A More boundaries More BS-levels (0. . 4), More pixels filtered (p 0. . p 3, q 0. . q 3) ½ pixels 2 -tap

AVS Video Profile and Level • Ji. Zhun (基准) Profile (Dec. 2003) – 4 levels • • 4. 0 : up to Standard Definition with 4: 2: 0 4. 2 : up to Standard Definition with 4: 2: 2 6. 0 : up to High Definition with 4: 2: 0 6. 2 : up to High Definition with 4: 2: 2 • AVS Zengqiang Profile (2008) – for Storage media such as movie • AVS Shensuo Profile (2008) – for video surveillance AVS Tutorial 51

AVS 1 Video Subjective Testing • April-Sept. , 2005, AVS subjective testing has been executed by SARFT testing center • The testing is based on GY/T 134 -1998 standard as well as related ITU testing standard Compressed testing video SD resolution stream bit-rate (625/50 i) HD resolution (1125/50 i) MPEG-2 typical bit-rate (Mbps) 4~6 20 AVS bit-rate (Mbps) 3 1. 5 10 6 Testing result A B A A-

Performance- HD (1280 x 720)

Performance- HD (1280 x 720)

Performance – SD (720 x 576)

Performance – SD (720 x 576 i)

Performance – CIF (352 x 288)

Performance – CIF (352 x 288)

Complexity analysis Tools Multiple reference Variable block-size MC Quarter pixel Entropy coding Deblocking filter Total 2018/3/18 Estimated increasing AVS H. 264 1 2 3 3 0. 5 1 6 9 http: //www. avs. org. cn 59

Review: MPEG-4 AVC/ H. 264(2001~09)

Review: AVS（2002～） • At Jan. 26 -Feb. 5，Geneva, ITU-T SG 16 Q 6（VCEG）Meeting • During the discussion on the requirements of H. 265/H. NGC, Multiple MNC insisted on the new standard show be compact at technology side and lower complexity at implement side. Their proposal on new standard is very similar with AVS • This is the road AVS selected 8 years ago.

Outline • • • Licensing problem for AV standards AVS approach for dealing with IPR AVS Video technologies AVS Products AVS Applications nowadays Conclusion and Discussion

AVS DTV End-End Solution

Professional AVS Encoders in the Market • Power. Coder AE 200 MC • Power. Coder AE 100 SD/HD • Coder. Star AE 1001 • Coder. Star AC 1001 • 4 Caster C 4 • SUMAVISION 9210 • Telarity

Professional AVS Encoders from SVA (Shanghai) SVA Coderstar Series Codestar AC 1001 -L for Mobile. TV (1, 2, 4 channels) Codestar AC 1001 for SDTV (1, 2, 4 channel) Codestar AE 1001 -H for HDTV

Professional AVS Encoders Uni. AV (Beijing) Powercoder AVS Encoders for CIF, SD and HD Envivio (USA) 4 caster For CIF and SD

AVS decoding Chips in the Market • China Companies – – – Spreadtrum SV 6111 / SV 6100 / SV 6600 V Penstar DS-1000 HD / DS-1000 SD National. Chip GX 3203 / GX 3101 Celestial CSM 1208 Haier Hi 2830(HD)/Hi 1260(SD) • MNC – – Broadcom BCM 7405 B / BCM 7466 ST STi 520 x/710 x NXP STB 222 Sigma. Design SMP 8654

AVS decoder Chips in the Market AVS + MPEG-2 SD&HD (Beijing) AVS SD&HD (Shanghai) AVS + MPEG-2 SD & CTTB (Hangzhou) AVS+MPEG-2+AVC+VC-1 SD&HD (Europe) AVS + AVC + MPEG-2 SD&HD (Beijing) AVS+MPEG-2+AVC+VC-1 SD&HD (USA) AVS+MPEG-2+AVC+VC-1 SD (USA)

AVS decoding Chips in the Market

AVS End Devices USB Dangle + PC STB and TV Set

AVS STBs

AVS End Devices AVS receivers in car and bus

AVS TV Set SVA AVS TV Set 获得 2008年上海国际 业博览会创新奖

AVS in Car 车载移动终端 >7”屏

AVS in CBHD (China Blu-ray High-definition Disc player)

双拼双视 （ Stereo Interleaving Video） • 时分双拼 – 左视和右视以奇偶场双拼 • 空分双拼 – 左右 – 上下 • 与现有标准关系 * Images from www. stereo 3 d. com – 现有视频编码标准可以支持这种双拼视频 – 增加信令，沟通采集表示环节与立体显示器

AVS 3 D TV Plan to live broadcast the Asia Games at Guangzhou at Nov. of this year

Outline • • • Licensing problem for AV standards AVS approach for dealing with IPR AVS Video technologies AVS Products AVS Applications nowadays Conclusion and Discussion

AVS Terrestrial TV Deployment Commercial Operating Testing before Operating

AVS Terrestrial TV in Operating Shanghai Oriental Pearl digital TV Co. , Ltd. 16 SD in 1 Channel Sichuan Province Star. Media Broadcasting Co. , LTD 36 SD in 3 Channels Hang Zhou City Culture Radio Television Group 21 CIF in 3 Channels Shanxi Province Mobile Television Qingdao City Mobile Digital TV Co. , LTD, 20 SD & 10 CIF in 2 Channels 9 CIF in 1 Channel Shaanxi Province Mobile Digital Television 20 CIF in 1 Channel Hebei Province Mobile Digital Television Co. LTD 20 CIF in 1 Channel

The State Development and Reform Commission (Responsible for DTV Policy) Digital TV Development Project (2009) (1) Digital Terrestrial TV Standards Family (2) Single Frequency Digital Terrestrial TV System Deployment (3) Key DTV Products: AVS, DRA and DTMB Chips, STB, Encoder, etc 2018/3/18 81

Outline • • • Licensing problem for AV standards AVS approach for dealing with IPR AVS Video technologies AVS Products AVS Applications nowadays Conclusion and Discussion

Conclusion • 2 nd Generation Video coding standards can double the efficiency of terrestrial frequency • There are three choices for 2 nd. G video coding standards – ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC/ITU-T H. 264 (2004) – AVS (China, Feb 2006) – SMPTE VC-1 (leads by Microsoft, Apr 2006)

ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC/ITU-T H. 264 • Already being adopted in some countries and area • But high royalty cost and risk – Operators should pay MPEG LA for commercial services (e. g. PPV), about 5 million USD per year – Patent holders outside of MPEG LA Patent Pool are waiting for collecting money (the licensing policy still under table)

AVS Technologies • Much compact designed 2 nd. G standard – based on analysis on method & patents in last 50 yrs – without many complicated but small performance contribution tools in international standards – Technologies • Free methods and tools in public domain • Self-innovation patents (~50 Chinese patents for video) – Similar performance with lower complexity • Very low cost – 1 RMB ( 1/6 USD) per device – Royalty free for operators

AVS Products and Deployments • Most international video decoder chip vendors provide AVS-compatible SD&HD chips • 4 China local companies provide low cost chips – e. g. Current price for a AVS+MPEG-2 SD Terrestrial Box is about 30 USD • Enough AVS products in the market • Shanghai deploys first AVS based Terrestrial broadcasting system with 16 AVS SD programs, 7 provinces/cities provide commercial broadcasting • AVS will be the unique mandatory format for all TV set and STB from next year

Comments • 2 nd G video coding standards is correct choice, but please consider – MPEG LA licensing policy @ www. mpegla. com – Potential patent holders especially who in MPEG-2 pool but not in MPEG-4 AVC pool • AVS is a better choice for long-term commercial operating – Commercial operating experience from multiple cities and provinces – Cooperation on development on AVS 1 and research on AVS 2

Thanks！ AVS Working Group：http: //www. avs. org. cn Tiejun Huang：tjhuang@pku. edu. cn