Avian Influenza Testing In Birds in California Ben Sun, DVM, MPVM 916 -552 -9740 bsun@dhs. ca. gov California Department of Health Services
Ecology and Epidemiology LPAIV Exposure Adaptation LPAIV (H 1 -16) Key: Exposure to Domestic Waterfowl Re-adaptation Asian H 5 N 1 HPAIV HA Mutation HPAIV (H 5/H 7)
California Avian Sub-Populations Commercial Broilers Commercial Turkeys Commercial Layers Custom Slaughter Socialization SPF/Research Feed Stores Proximity Wild Birds Pet Stores Shows Auctions Commercial Game Birds Commercial Ducks Backyard/Hobby Swap Meets Exotic Birds Game Fowl Pet Birds
Laboratories Testing for AI in CA 1. 1. California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab (CAHFS) – Primary veterinary lab system statewide under CDFA 2. Private Poultry Industry – Screening tests inhouse using AGID, forward positive samples to CAHFS for characterization 3. San Diego County Agriculture Dept. – Limited testing of all avian species in County Vet lab 4. UC Davis Researcher – Dr. Carol Cardona who is also testing some wild birds for the UCD Wildlife Health Center project
CAHFS Laboratory Locations http: //cahfs. ucdavis. edu/
Low Path AI in CA Exp. ID Isolate ID Host Species Location Serotype F 9602092 A/emu/CA/2092/96 Emu Fresno H 10 N 7 F 9700039 A/TK/CA/39/97 Turkey Fresno H 9 N 2 F 9700663 A/DK/WA/663/97 Duck WA H 11 N 9 D 9802373 A/phst/CA/2372/98 Pheasant Woodland H 9 N 2 K 9900755 A/CK/CA/755/99 Chicken San Jose H 10 N 7 K 9901022 A/quail/CA/1022/99 Quail San Jose H 10 N 7 S 0210477 A/CK/CA/10477/02 Chicken Fontana H 6 N 2 D 0208651 A/TK/CA/8651/02 Turkey Hollister H 5 N 2 S 0206754 A/CK/CA/6754/02 Chicken Riverside H 6 N 2 K 0300345 A/CK/CA/345/03 Chicken Ripon H 6 N 2 S 0306450 A/CK/CA/6450/03 Chicken San Diego H 6 N 2 S 0402354 A/quail/CA/2354/04 Quail Los Angeles H 6 N 2 S 0404078 A/CK/CA/4078/04 Chicken Los Angeles H 6 N 2
AI Testing in California (January-June, 2005) SOURCE FREQUENCY NO. ACCESSIONS Auctions Monthly/Quarterly 350 Backyard/Hobby On Demand 1291 Commercial Poultry Pre-Transport Voluntary On Demand 1868 Custom Slaughter Monthly 250 Feed Stores Monthly/Quarterly 916 Game Birds In Development 15 Pet/Exotic On Demand 409 Swap Meets Monthly/Quarterly 100 Wild Birds On Demand 31 TOTAL Source: D. Rolfe, CAHFS 1 lab accession may represent 1 -100 birds Approx 25, 000 birds tested 5240
Wild Bird Issues 1. Very few wild birds being tested 2. Future plans nationwide for a coordinated wild bird surveillance system (USDA) 3. Further info on HPAI H 5 N 1 in wild birds and recommendations for handling wild birds at USGS website 4. http: //www. nwhc. usgs. gov/research/WHB_05_03. html 5. http: //www. nwhc. usgs. gov/research/avian_influenza/HPAI 082005. p df
Poultry Issues 1. Coordinating notification and response with CDFA 2. Occupational health concerns for poultry workers 3. Contact your local CDFA district office 4. http: //www. cdc. gov/flu/avian/professional/protect-guid. htm 5. http: //www. osha. gov/dsg/guidance/avian-flu. html 6. http: //www. osha. gov/dts/shib 121304. html
CDFA District Offices http: //www. cdfa. ca. gov/ahfss/ah/offices. htm
Conclusions 1. Wild birds are genetic reservoirs of all AI virus genes which are genetically very diverse 2. LPAIV maintained in wildbirds, and must be adapted to pass to domestic poultry 3. HPAIV arise in poultry and historically have not gone back to wild birds 4. Asian H 5 N 1 HPAIV has readapted to some wild bird species creating a new mechanism of spread 5. Asian poultry production is very different than USA and poses different risks for HPAI introduction and maintenance 6. Comprehensive surveillance and early detection and response are key to minimizing the impact of HPAI in animals and humans 7. Planning, communication, and coordination must continue to increase our preparedness for HPAI and possible pandemic
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