automobile transport Motor vehicles are a major source of air pollution, the number of vehicles has increased steadily, especially in large cities, and with it rising gross emission of harmful products into the atmosphere.
The main cause of air pollution is incomplete combustion. In the exhaust gases of internal combustion engine (ICE) provides over 170 harmful components (the main of which are shown in Table 1. 1. ), Of which 160 derivatives of hydrocarbons, directly owes incomplete combustion in the engine. Sulfur dioxide is formed in the exhaust gases in the case where the sulfur contained in the original fuel (diesel fuel). Analysis of the data presented in Table 1. 1 shows that the most toxic gasoline engine has an exhaust due to the greater of CO, Nox, Cn. Hm etc. Diesel engine emit large quantities of carbon black, which in its pure form is not toxic.
ground transportation • Existing means of land passenger transport is not enough time to meet the needs to move rapidly growing urban population, spread out over vast areas. In Moscow alone, more than 10 million passengers a year use the metro, bus, tram, trolley.
Trying to solve the problem mainly by increasing the bus park. This implies an increase in consumption of liquid fuels and, consequently, increase the emission of harmful substances. Tram and trolley bus, used as "fuel" electricity and fully meet the environmental requirements.
tramcar Tram leads the list of the most popular means of transport is no accident. Its main advantage is that it almost does not pollute the environment. However, the tram has its drawbacks. Unfortunately, it has a low maneuverability, requires a fairly significant capital expenditures in the construction of new roads, and thus "quiet" mode of transportation tram will not name. Noise created tram traction motor, the brake system, the vibration body, rolling wheels on the rails. The intensity of the noise depends on the state of the tram route and contact network. Noise reduction can be facilitated by screening noise bulwarks with sound absorbers, closing wheels. To reduce noise on some tramways used rubber gaskets.
The biggest reduction in the tram noise can be achieved by reducing coming from the wheels. Good results give cushioning pad between the rim and the rim, or the supply of graphite on the wheels of the solution.
trolleybus Trolley - the most economical and cheap, non-polluting form of transport. He economical bus, consumes less power, more reliable and easier to use, does not use oxygen and poisons the air exhaust gases. Today trolleys are mainly used for passenger transport in major cities. They are simpler than those used buses, servicing them less time-consuming, and start in cold weather is not a problem.
Noise trolley close to the noise level of passenger cars. For low-frequency range it has character. Such noise easier to bear a man the noise from the trams, which is significantly higher and the level of noise is similar trucks. First of all, the noise caused by the engine trolley, rolling wheels on the pavement and work support electric cars. In moving from the engine and the wheels rolling vibration occurs envelope and the noise produced as loose-fitting doors and windows. Therefore, noise reduction trolley can be achieved by using elastic dampers, seal mounting windows, balancing mechanism of the engine and transmission.
• prepared. Rezyukin A. V.
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