australia Project work By 22 group Content

australia Project work By 22 group

Content 1. Geographical position; 2. Policy; 3. Education; 4. Biota; 5. Attractions;

GEOGRAPHY

1. geography: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, [12] is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.

geography On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Since Federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. The federation comprises six states and several territories. The population of 22. 9 million[5] is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in the eastern states.

Geography Australia's landmass of 7, 617, 930 square kilometres (2, 941, 300 sq mi)[131] is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, [N 5] it is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas, with the Coral Sea lying off the Queensland coast, and the Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand. The world's smallest continent[133] and sixth largest country by total area, [134] Australia—owing to its size and isolation—is often dubbed the "island continent", [135] and is sometimes considered the world's largest island

Geography Australia has 34, 218 kilometres (21, 262 mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands), [137] and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8, 148, 250 square kilometres (3, 146, 060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory. [138] Excluding Macquarie Island, Australia lies between latitudes 9° and 44°S, and longitudes 112° and 154°E.

Geography The climate of Australia is significantly influenced by ocean currents, including the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Niño. Southern Oscillation, which is correlated with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low-pressure system that produces cyclones in northern Australia

POLICY

Policy Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of powers. It uses a parliamentary system of government with Queen Elizabeth II at its apex as the Queen of Australia, a role that is distinct from her position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms.

Policy The federal government is separated into three branches: The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, defined in section 1 of the constitution as comprising the Queen (represented by the Governor. General), the Senate, and the House of Representatives; The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State; [87] The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor. General on advice of the Council.

Policy In the Senate (the upper house), there are 76 senators: twelve each from the states and two each from the mainland territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). [88] The House of Representatives (the lower house) has 150 members elected from single-member electoral divisions, commonly known as "electorates" or "seats", allocated to states on the basis of population

Policy Following a partyroom leadership challenge, Julia Gillard became the first female Prime Minister in June 2010. The most recent federal election was held on 21 August 2010 and resulted in the first hung parliament in over 50 years. Gillard was able to form a minority Labor government with the support of independents.

Oops… we forgot about economy Australia is a wealthy country with a market economy, a relatively high GDP per capita, and a relatively low rate of poverty. The Australian dollar is the currency for the nation, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. With the 2006 merger of the Australian Stock Exchange and the Sydney Futures Exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange became the ninth largest in the world.

EDUCATION 12 z. Zzz….

Education School attendance is compulsory throughout Australia. Education is the responsibility of the individual states and territories so the rules vary between states, but in general children are required to attend school from the age of about 5 up until about 16. In at least some states (e. g. , WA) children aged 16– 17 are required to either attend school or participate in vocational training, such as an apprenticeship.

Education Australia has an adult literacy rate that is assumed to be 99 per cent. In the Programme for International Student Assessment, Australia regularly scores among the top five of thirty major developed countries (member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Catholic education accounts for the largest non-government sector.

Education Australia has 37 government-funded universities and two private universities, as well as a number of other specialist institutions that provide approved courses at the higher education level. The University of Sydney is Australia's oldest university, having been founded in 1850, followed by the University of Melbourne three years later.

Education The OECD places Australia among the most expensive nations to attend university. [ There is a state-based system of vocational training, known as TAFE, and many trades conduct apprenticeships for training new tradespeople. Approximately 58 per cent of Australians aged from 25 to 64 have vocational or tertiary qualifications, and the tertiary graduation rate of 49 per cent is the highest among OECD countries. The ratio of international to local students in tertiary education in Australia is the highest in the OECD countries.

BIOTA

Biota Most of the Gondwanan forests were replaced by tough-leaved open forests of eucalypts and acacias. Some isolated remnants of the ancient Gondwanan forests remain. These include the cool and warm temperate rainforests of Tasmania and eastern Australia and the dry rainforests or scrub forests of northern Australia. These forests have high conservation values.

Biota The high diversity of flora includes large numbers of species in ecologically significant genera such as Acacia, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Grevillea and Allocasuarina. Acacias tend to dominate in drier inland parts of Australia, while eucalypts dominate in wetter parts. Australia’s unique flora includes the Proteaceae family of Banksia, Dryandra, Grevillea, Hakea and Telopea (waratah).

Biota In Australia there are more than 378 species of mammals, 828 species of birds, 300 species of lizards, 140 species of snakes and two species of crocodiles. Of the mammals, almost half are marsupials. The rest are either placental mammals or monotremes.

Biota There are 55 different species of kangaroos and wallabies— macropods—native to Australia. Macropods vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from half a kilogram to 90 kilograms. The main difference between wallabies and kangaroos is in size— wallabies tend to be smaller. Some stand as tall as humans and others are as small as domestic cats.

Biota Of the 828 bird species listed in Australia, about half are found nowhere else. Isolation has also contributed to the development and survival of unusual birds. These range from tiny honeyeaters to the large, flightless emu, which stands nearly two metres tall.

ATTRACTIONS

Top - attractions 1. The Great Barrier Reef More than 2, 000 km (1, 240 miles) of mostly pristine coral gardens and rich aquatic life, the Reef rewards divers, snorkellers or those who simply gaze through glassbottomed boats.

Top - attractions 2. Sydney Harbour The Opera House is deservedly on everyone’s list as a mustsee attraction in Australia – it’s on the Unesco World Heritage list, after all – and when you combine it with the iron bulk of Sydney Harbour Bridge, you have one of the great vistas of the world.

Top - attractions 3. Uluru Rising out of the parched red centre of the country, Uluru (Ayers Rock) is the dramatic touchstone of this ancient continent. It’s a sacred site to its Aboriginal custodians, and worth travelling thousands of kilometres to see.

Top - attractions 4. Canberra’s museums and galleries Gathered around Lake Burleigh Griffin is what collectively amounts to the most impressive collection of educational and cultural showpieces in Australia.

Top - attractions 5. Port Arthur Tasmania’s grim penal settlement provides something of a crash course in Australia’s colonial history. The setting, ironically, is stunning.

WELCOM TO AUSTRALIA

Thanks for watching, yours 22 group : )