AUSTRALIA Лыкова Татьяна Ю-123 Australia — officially

AUSTRALIA Лыкова Татьяна Ю-123

Australia - officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The capital of Australia is Canberra. The largest cities Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide.

GOVERNMENT Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of powers. It uses a parliamentary system of government with Queen Elizabeth II at its apex as the Queen of Australia, a role that is distinct from her position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen resides in the United Kingdom, and she is represented by her viceroys in Australia (the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level), who by convention act on the advice of her ministers. Supreme executive authority is vested by the Constitution of Australia in the sovereign, but the power to exercise it is conferred by the Constitution specifically on the Governor. General.

The federal government is separated into three branches: The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, defined in section 1 of the constitution as comprising the Queen (represented by the Governor-General), the Senate, and the House of Representatives; The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State; The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of the Council. In the Senate (the upper house), there are 76 senators. The House of Representatives (the lower house) has 150 members elected from single-member electoral divisions, commonly known as "electorates" or "seats", allocated to states on the basis of population. Elections for both chambers are normally held every three years, simultaneously; senators have overlapping six-year terms except for those from the territories, whose terms are not fixed but are tied to the electoral cycle for the lower house.

STATE SYMBOLIC The flag of Australia represents a rectangular panel of blue color on which three elements are represented: flag of Great Britain, star of the Commonwealth and Southern cross constellation. According to the Law "About a Flag" the image of a flag of Great Britain has to be in the top left quarter of a flag; the image of the big white star symbolizing 6 states of Australia and other territories — in the center of the left bottom quarter, pointing to the center of a flag of Sacred George as a part of a flag of Great Britain, and five white stars, symbolizing Southern cross constellation, have to be in the right half of a panel.

The coat of arms of Australia represents a board on which the coats of arms of states from left to right are presented: New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. In the lower part of a board, from left to right: South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Over a board "the Commonwealth Star" or the Federation Star over blue and gold wreaths is located heptahedral. Six beams of a star represent 6 states, and the seventh represents set of territories and Australia. The board is held by kangaroos and an emu.

ANTHEM The national anthem of Australia — "Advance Australia Fair ". It is composed by Peter Makkormik in 1878. This anthem, according to the recommendation of the government of Robert Hawk and with a permission of governor general Ninian Stephana, in 1984 replaced British “God Save The Queen".

LANGUAGE Although Australia has no official language, English has always been entrenched as the de facto national language. Australian English is a major variety of the language with a distinctive accent and lexicon, and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling. General Australian serves as the standard dialect. According to the 2011 census, English is the only language spoken in the home for close to 81% of the population.

CULTURE. MUSIC In Australia one of the oldest wind instruments in the world — the Didgeridoo is invented. World fame received Australian alternative and rock groups of Bee Gees, AC/DC, Nick Cave, INXS, Savage Garden, Silverchair, The Temper Trap, Parkway Drive and The Living End, and also Pendulum group. Among pop performers of the Australian origin are known Kylie Minogue, Natali Imbrulya, Olivia Newton-John, Keith Urban, Dannii Minogue, Darren Heyz, Gabriella Chilmi, Jason Donovan, Jimmy Barnes.

SPORT Some of Australia's most internationally well-known and successful sportspeople are swimmers Dawn Fraser, Murray Rose, Shane Gould, and Ian Thorpe; sprinters Shirley Strickland, Betty Cuthbert, and Cathy Freeman; tennis players Rod Laver, Roy Emerson, Ken Rosewall, Evonne Goolagong, and Margaret Court; cricketers Donald Bradman and Shane Warne; three-time Formula One world champion Jack Brabham; five-time motorcycle grand prix world champion Mick Doohan; golfers Greg Norman and Karrie Webb; cyclist Hubert Opperman, prodigious billiards player Walter Lindrum and basketball players Andrew Bogut and Lauren Jackson.

MOVIES One of the most known Australian actors are Nicole Kidman, Mel Gibson, Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, Heath Ledger, Sam Uortington, Jeffrey Rush, Naomi Uotts, Julian Mc. Mahon, Chris Hemsvort, Liam Hemsvort, Hugo Uiving, Jesse Spencer, Sam Nill, Simon Baker, Eric Bana, Peta Wilson, Hugh Dzhekman, Clare Holt, Xavier Semyuel, Anna Torv.

HOLIDAY As of 2011 public holidays are: On January 1 — Day of New year On January 26 — Day of Australia Good Friday - in Australia it is celebrated on the first Friday after a full moon or after March 21) Easter Monday - is celebrated after Easter) On April 25 — Anzac Day On December 25 — Christmas on a Gregorian calendar On December 26 — Boxing Day

RESORTS OF AUSTRALIA Adelaide - the delightful capital of the state South Australia located on an ocean coast. Barrier Reef - the amazing Australian miracle stretched along the northeast coast of Australia on 2000 km. The island Hamilton in Australia is one of the most popular places among fans of scuba diving the island of the Pacific ridge Vitsandey. The gold Coast of Australia is the well-known resort zone located between border of the State of New South Wales and Brisbane. Melbourne – the beautiful capital of the state Victoria. The business center is on the right coast, and inhabited quarters and parks — on left. Hobart - the charming capital of Tasmania. It settles down in the river Derwent mouth at the mountain Wellington bottom.

The End. Thank you.