Aston Corpus PG Conference 22 May 2008 Taking

Aston Corpus PG Conference 22 May 2008 Taking a ‘Drive’ Fanie Tsiamita University of Liverpool Fanie. Tsiamita@liverpool. ac. uk 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Introduction (I) Polysemy: • The case of one lexical item having two or more related senses, all going back to a single etymological root. Examples: mouth; tail; fork Lexical Priming • “Every word is primed for use in discourse as a result of the cumulative effects of an individual’s encounters with the word” (Hoey, 2005) 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Introduction (III) Lexical Priming – Its implications for polysemy • The senses of a polysemous lexical item will be disambiguated by their primings. - The more common sense may use the primings of the less common sense. The less common sense never will. - Two similarly common senses will avoid each other’s primings. - Where neither of the above applies, the effect will be humour, ambiguity or a new meaning combining the two senses. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Introduction (III) Lexical Priming – Its implications for polysemy • The senses of a polysemous lexical item will be disambiguated by their primings. - The more common sense may use the primings of the less common sense. The less common sense never will. - Two similarly common senses will avoid each other’s primings. - Where neither of the above applies, the effect will be humour, ambiguity or a new meaning combining the two senses. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Methodology • BNC subcorpus - 844 instances in a total of 432 texts ( 17, 000 words) • Instances were grouped according to senses - dictionaries provided guidelines for the grouping - 12 senses found • Determination of the primings of the two most frequent senses of drive: › “journey in a car or other vehicle” (26%) › “wide piece of hard ground or private road leading from the road to a person’s house” (47%) 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

• Drive (=journey) & drive (=private road) + determiners. Why? 1. The vast majority of instances of both senses cooccur with the definite / indefinite article: 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Proportion of instances of drive (=journey) and drive (=private road) occurring with an article Nr of occurrences instances of drive occurring with a determiner Percentage of instances occurring with a determiner Drive (=journey) 223 200 90% Drive (=private road) 400 382 96% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

And 2. While the instances of drive (=journey) show equal distribution between the two determiners, drive (=private road) co-occurs 9 times more frequently with the definite than with the indefinite article: 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Distribution of the instances of drive (=journey) and drive (=private road) between the definite and the indefinite article Definite article No. of occurrences Indefinite article % No. of occurrences % Drive (=journey) 200 conc. lines 100 50% Drive (=private road) 382 conc. lines 343 90% 39 10% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Potential Primings (I) Semantic preferences of drive (=journey) and drive (=private road) when preceded by the sequence determiner + pre-modification 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (I) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=journey) 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (I) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=journey) 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (I) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=journey) - 22. 05. 08 Evaluation Distance / Duration Distance Time-of-day Classifier Shape Fanie Tsiamita

Results (I) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=journey) - 22. 05. 08 Evaluation Distance / Duration Distance Time-of-day Classifier Shape Fanie Tsiamita

Results (I) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=journey) - 22. 05. 08 Evaluation Distance / Duration Distance Time-of-day Classifier Shape Fanie Tsiamita

Semantic preferences of drive (=journey) when preceded by determiner + premodification 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) e pillion. It was a hard, fast ot. No. I want a nice peaceful ime for a pleasant comfortable his back on her. It was a long uting now, "It'll be a longish he belonged to. It was a short holiday more than a three-hour house was only a few minutes' the cab. It was a thirty-mile ndscreen after a thousand-mile wished to go for an afternoon ore you set off for an evening e took me out in it for a test n it!" He took them for a test 22. 05. 08 drive through the congested s drive across the fields, than drive to Carpendens Court. Sh drive from the airport, made drive; ask Mary to put someth drive from the city. Harvey h drive from here, he thought, drive away from the river. Fr drive. They took the side roa drive, stained with the black drive around the local villag drive? &equo; He shook his hea drive. Yes, that's it. We wer drive and then Mrs Lomax drov Fanie Tsiamita

Results (II) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=private road) 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (II) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=private road) 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (II) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=private road) - 22. 05. 08 Size Material Attribute Shape Classifier Part-of Position Possession Fanie Tsiamita

Results (II) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=private road) - 22. 05. 08 Size Material Attribute Shape Classifier Part-of Position Possession Fanie Tsiamita

Results (II) • Determiner + pre-mod. + drive (=private road) - 22. 05. 08 Size Material Attribute Shape Classifier Part-of Position Possession Fanie Tsiamita

Semantic preferences of drive (=private road) when preceded by determiner + premodification 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=journey) ho had suggested the ill-fated I've had the most embarrassing nd and make the slow, crawling and plentiful. After the long cate herself. During the short rivin'. " He dozed on the short ich to make the fifteen-minute ad tormented him for the whole ly that the fourteen-kilometre bus for the thirteen-kilometre efence. During the twenty-mile peak much during the afternoon e exhaustion of the long night arily, as he began the curving 22. 05. 08 drive to Burford, the man who drive of my life! The car fad drive across town to his home drive a good soak was just wh drive back to the inn they we drive, but unfortunately he w drive to the campus each day. drive back to Perugia. How co drive from the airport was so drive to the city. She was fo drive, once he had left his o drive. And they didn't stop t drive up the coast, but I sud drive down the east side of t Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) &equo; They drove up the short d outside on the wide circular hing in plastic? The gravelled ed loudly on the frozen gravel squealing on the loose gravel walked with her down the dark isurely fashion down the shady aring out into the sun-dappled nockglen, along the tree-lined a turned down the long curving d the Porsche down the winding slope. Besides the long access rtible nipped into the private 22. 05. 08 drive, past a lodge with a ro drive carriages would have lo drive split into two; one bra drive. An orderly at the door drive. Tight-lipped, she drov drive and took her as far as drive. Suddenly Cora-Beth sto drive flanked by swaying tree drive of the convent through drive of the house, pulled th drive to Tavey Grange. Leonor drive that climbed into the t drive to the apartment block Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) ry was coming down the factory At the bottom, where the hotel toy, coming fast up the house is walk home where the rectory as they drove up the adjoining he strolled out into the front On his way he passed the main a carriage came round the rear er driving up the Dersingham's via turned into the Fourniers' fter appearing in the Julians' refully up the twisting canyon 22. 05. 08 drive. But behind the wheel w drive met the highway, he hal drive before turning sharply drive curved and the bushes g drive and felt a surge of ver drive, Mr Mc. Whirter was being drive, and he could see that drive of the Hall and, after drive on Saturday morning? Mi drive she saw that she had be drive on Friday night? The sa drive, and began to die insi Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) ry was coming down the factory At the bottom, where the hotel toy, coming fast up the house is walk home where the rectory as they drove up the adjoining he strolled out into the front On his way he passed the main a carriage came round the rear er driving up the Dersingham's via turned into the Fourniers' fter appearing in the Julians' refully up the twisting canyon 22. 05. 08 drive. But behind the wheel w drive met the highway, he hal drive before turning sharply drive curved and the bushes g drive and felt a surge of ver drive, Mr Mc. Whirter was being drive, and he could see that drive of the Hall and, after drive on Saturday morning? Mi drive she saw that she had be drive on Friday night? The sa drive, and began to die insi Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) ry was coming down the factory At the bottom, where the hotel toy, coming fast up the house is walk home where the rectory as they drove up the adjoining he strolled out into the front On his way he passed the main a carriage came round the rear er driving up the Dersingham's via turned into the Fourniers' fter appearing in the Julians' refully up the twisting canyon 22. 05. 08 drive. But behind the wheel w drive met the highway, he hal drive before turning sharply drive curved and the bushes g drive and felt a surge of ver drive, Mr Mc. Whirter was being drive, and he could see that drive of the Hall and, after drive on Saturday morning? Mi drive she saw that she had be drive on Friday night? The sa drive, and began to die insi Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) ry was coming down the factory At the bottom, where the hotel toy, coming fast up the house is walk home where the rectory as they drove up the adjoining he strolled out into the front On his way he passed the main a carriage came round the rear er driving up the Dersingham's via turned into the Fourniers' fter appearing in the Julians' refully up the twisting canyon 22. 05. 08 drive. But behind the wheel w drive met the highway, he hal drive before turning sharply drive curved and the bushes g drive and felt a surge of ver drive, Mr Mc. Whirter was being drive, and he could see that drive of the Hall and, after drive on Saturday morning? Mi drive she saw that she had be drive on Friday night? The sa drive, and began to die insi Fanie Tsiamita

Definite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) ry was coming down the factory At the bottom, where the hotel toy, coming fast up the house is walk home where the rectory as they drove up the adjoining he strolled out into the front On his way he passed the main a carriage came round the rear er driving up the Dersingham's via turned into the Fourniers' fter appearing in the Julians' refully up the twisting canyon 22. 05. 08 drive. But behind the wheel w drive met the highway, he hal drive before turning sharply drive curved and the bushes g drive and felt a surge of ver drive, Mr Mc. Whirter was being drive, and he could see that drive of the Hall and, after drive on Saturday morning? Mi drive she saw that she had be drive on Friday night? The sa drive, and began to die insi Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) inted cream, with a wide dusty use Ruth had ever seen. A long and latticed windows. A narrow approach lane a gravel , "Georgian" windows, a tarmac e slowly down a narrow asphalt n gates up a steeply ascending as an entrance to a tree-lined a sopping weed-infested gravel road, approached by a winding t yellow rape. A flat concrete ding smoothly up a huge curved , was in fact almost a private 22. 05. 08 drive approaching from the le drive curved towards a threedrive ran through a garden th drive swung round to the side drive and double garage, a bu drive between the southern wa drive past lawns on several d drive. She turned in, then fe drive, and pulled up in the s drive flanked by poplars, it drive on the left of the hous drive towards a house whose l drive used by the Rector and Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) inted cream, with a wide dusty use Ruth had ever seen. A long and latticed windows. A narrow approach lane a gravel , "Georgian" windows, a tarmac e slowly down a narrow asphalt n gates up a steeply ascending as an entrance to a tree-lined a sopping weed-infested gravel road, approached by a winding t yellow rape. A flat concrete ding smoothly up a huge curved , was in fact almost a private 22. 05. 08 drive approaching from the le drive curved towards a threedrive ran through a garden th drive swung round to the side drive and double garage, a bu drive between the southern wa drive past lawns on several d drive. She turned in, then fe drive, and pulled up in the s drive flanked by poplars, it drive on the left of the hous drive towards a house whose l drive used by the Rector and Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) inted cream, with a wide dusty use Ruth had ever seen. A long and latticed windows. A narrow approach lane a gravel , "Georgian" windows, a tarmac e slowly down a narrow asphalt n gates up a steeply ascending as an entrance to a tree-lined a sopping weed-infested gravel road, approached by a winding t yellow rape. A flat concrete ding smoothly up a huge curved , was in fact almost a private 22. 05. 08 drive approaching from the le drive curved towards a threedrive ran through a garden th drive swung round to the side drive and double garage, a bu drive between the southern wa drive past lawns on several d drive. She turned in, then fe drive, and pulled up in the s drive flanked by poplars, it drive on the left of the hous drive towards a house whose l drive used by the Rector and Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) inted cream, with a wide dusty use Ruth had ever seen. A long and latticed windows. A narrow approach lane a gravel , "Georgian" windows, a tarmac e slowly down a narrow asphalt n gates up a steeply ascending as an entrance to a tree-lined a sopping weed-infested gravel road, approached by a winding t yellow rape. A flat concrete ding smoothly up a huge curved , was in fact almost a private 22. 05. 08 drive approaching from the le drive curved towards a threedrive ran through a garden th drive swung round to the side drive and double garage, a bu drive between the southern wa drive past lawns on several d drive. She turned in, then fe drive, and pulled up in the s drive flanked by poplars, it drive on the left of the hous drive towards a house whose l drive used by the Rector and Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) inted cream, with a wide dusty use Ruth had ever seen. A long and latticed windows. A narrow approach lane a gravel , "Georgian" windows, a tarmac e slowly down a narrow asphalt n gates up a steeply ascending as an entrance to a tree-lined a sopping weed-infested gravel road, approached by a winding t yellow rape. A flat concrete ding smoothly up a huge curved , was in fact almost a private 22. 05. 08 drive approaching from the le drive curved towards a threedrive ran through a garden th drive swung round to the side drive and double garage, a bu drive between the southern wa drive past lawns on several d drive. She turned in, then fe drive, and pulled up in the s drive flanked by poplars, it drive on the left of the hous drive towards a house whose l drive used by the Rector and Fanie Tsiamita

Indefinite article + pre-modification + drive (=private road) inted cream, with a wide dusty use Ruth had ever seen. A long and latticed windows. A narrow approach lane a gravel , "Georgian" windows, a tarmac e slowly down a narrow asphalt n gates up a steeply ascending as an entrance to a tree-lined a sopping weed-infested gravel road, approached by a winding t yellow rape. A flat concrete ding smoothly up a huge curved , was in fact almost a private 22. 05. 08 drive approaching from the le drive curved towards a threedrive ran through a garden th drive swung round to the side drive and double garage, a bu drive between the southern wa drive past lawns on several d drive. She turned in, then fe drive, and pulled up in the s drive flanked by poplars, it drive on the left of the hous drive towards a house whose l drive used by the Rector and Fanie Tsiamita

Conclusions (I) 1. The semantic associations of drive (=journey) are different to those of drive (=private road) and vice versa: - Drive (=journey) co-occurs predominantly with members of the categories of DISTANCE / DURATION and EVALUATION; also of DISTANCE and DURATION, while - Drive (=private road) co-occurs predominantly with members of the categories of SIZE and MATERIAL; also of SHAPE and ATTRIBUTE. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Potential Primings (II) As a next step I checked what tends to immediately precede the sequence determiner + (pre-modification) + drive. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (III) PREP. + a (pre-mod. ) drive (=journey) 41% PREP. + the (pre-mod. ) drive (=journey) 58% PREP. + a (pre-mod. ) drive (=private road) 67% PREP. + the (pre-mod. ) drive (=private road) 85% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (III) PREP. + a (pre-mod. ) drive (=journey) 41% PREP. + the (pre-mod. ) drive (=journey) 58% PREP. + a (pre-mod. ) drive (=private road) 67% PREP. + the (pre-mod. ) drive (=private road) 85% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (III) PREP. + a (pre-mod. ) drive (=journey) 41% PREP. + the (pre-mod. ) drive (=journey) 58% PREP. + a (pre-mod. ) drive (=private road) 67% PREP. + the (pre-mod. ) drive (=private road) 85% PREP. + a/an 33% PREP. + the 52% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

In order to check if this indeed has to do with the word’s sense, I turned to look at some of its cohyponyms when they occur in a sequence of determiner + (pre-modification) + co-hyponym 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

In order to check if this indeed has to do with the word’s sense, I turned to look at some of its cohyponyms when they occur in a sequence of determiner + (pre-modification) + co-hyponym street lane alley road avenue 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (III) PREP. + a (a/an. . . ) street 75% PREP. + the (…) street 87% PREP. + a (a/an. . . ) lane 71% PREP. + the (…) lane 86% PREP. + an (a/an. . . ) alley 75% PREP. + the (…) alley 85% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (III) PREP. + a (a/an. . . ) road 52% PREP. + the (…) road 78% PREP. + an (a/an. . . ) avenue 52% PREP. + the (…) avenue 83% 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

e fence came closer. There was e can't have vanished? There's V Through the sand, there was eft in the restaurants. It was red. "Perhaps. "Tis too narrow ly clear of vegetation. It was a a a andled, used, of value only as " he said bracingly, "is a new be said. Flight was a possible secret stores, where a likely an avenue to her papa's wealt avenue or fresh look at an ol avenue and he must not overlo avenue of attack comes in ove 22. 05. 08 road on the other side. Not road just opposite he must' road. One day, Bonney decid road on the way up, this Ma road to be guarded by a cas road. To their left it led Fanie Tsiamita

e fence came closer. There was e can't have vanished? There's V Through the sand, there was eft in the restaurants. It was red. "Perhaps. "Tis too narrow ly clear of vegetation. It was a a a andled, used, of value only as " he said bracingly, "is a new be said. Flight was a possible secret stores, where a likely an avenue to her papa's wealt avenue or fresh look at an ol avenue and he must not overlo avenue of attack comes in ove 22. 05. 08 road on the other side. Not road just opposite he must' road. One day, Bonney decid road on the way up, this Ma road to be guarded by a cas road. To their left it led Fanie Tsiamita

e fence came closer. There was e can't have vanished? There's V Through the sand, there was eft in the restaurants. It was red. "Perhaps. "Tis too narrow ly clear of vegetation. It was a a a road on the other side. Not road just opposite he must' road. One day, Bonney decid road on the way up, this Ma road to be guarded by a cas road. To their left it led andled, used, of value only as " he said bracingly, "is a new be said. Flight was a possible secret stores, where a likely an avenue to her papa's wealt avenue or fresh look at an ol avenue and he must not overlo avenue of attack comes in ove There BE a It BE a 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Results (III) So, bearing in mind that • In the entire BNC written fiction part - PREP. + a/an 33% - PREP. + the 52% while - PREP. + a (an…) drive (=priv. road) 67% - PREP. + the (…) drive (=priv. road) 85% The above co-hyponyms of drive (=priv. road) all show striking similarities with drive (=private road) in terms of their colligational preferences as regards the sequence X + det. + Y, where Y is one of drive, road, street, alley, lane, avenue. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Conclusions (II) Ø There appears to be a priming for the sequence determiner + (pre-modification) + drive (=private road) to be immediately preceded by a preposition. Ø Furthermore, there are strong indications of very little overlap in terms of the prepositions preceding each of the two senses: - the prepositions across, along, down, into, up cooccur exclusively with drive (=private road) - the prepositions after, during, throughout co-occur exclusively with drive (=journey). 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Conclusions (III) LP claim: • Two similarly common senses will avoid each other’s primings. Semantic associations: Confirmed on both the level of language production and the level of language processing. Colligational patterns: Confirmed on the level of language production, results on the level of language processing still pending. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita

Thank you! And the AHRC for funding this research. 22. 05. 08 Fanie Tsiamita