ASTM International Committee F 38 on Unmanned Aircraft

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ASTM International Committee F 38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems Accessing the Airspace Using ASTM International Standards AUVSI Unmanned Systems North America 2007 F 38 Workshop Washington, DC / 10 August 2007 AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Mission - Vision, Mission, and Operating Principles The Vision for F 38 is to help provide routine, safe UAS operations in civil airspace through standardization. The Mission of F 38 is to produce practical, consensus standards that facilitate UAS operations at an acceptable level of safety. These standards include the design, manufacture, maintenance and operation of unmanned aircraft systems as well as the training and qualification of personnel. Committee F 38 supports industry, academia, government organizations and regulatory authorities. F 38 operates under the principles that practical standards are a cost effective means of promoting commercial success, and that consensus processes protect the balance of interests among stakeholders. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Environmental Basis for Workflow Unregulated Minimum regulation Regulation via Standards Experimental Aircraft Club Rules, Voluntary Guides, Standards, Club Insurance Practices Small: Moored Balloons, Kites, Unmanned Rockets, Balloons, Unmanned Free Rockets, Balloons, Ultralights, and Parachutists Models Comply w/ Industry Standards Light Sport Aircraft AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. Increasing Regulation Show Compliance w/ Rules; can use TSO or Industry Standards with Increasing Reliability and Assurance Requirements General Aviation, VFR Ops Transports, IFR Ops Large Aircraft, Airlines, Overwater, & Int’l Ops

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Environmental Basis for Workflow / Business Case Commercial success requires profitable return. Which requires reducing risk. Standards Which leads to profitable returns. Which makes our industry safe and reliable. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. Transfer some risk to insurers. But insurers want predictability. So they require us to abide by standards.

ASTM International’s Primary Objective … is to be the foremost developer and provider of consensus standards, related technical information, and services having globally recognized quality and market relevance. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM International Standards Development Process A Proven and Practical System that is Driven by Direct-Stakeholder Participation, for Developing Voluntary, Consensus Standards for Materials, Products, Systems & Services World-Wide. A Portfolio of Approximately 12, 000 Standards Used Internationally; 3, 500 are the Basis of National Standards and Regulation in 76 Countries. Always Reflect Current Technology as they are Continually Revised. Over 31, 000 Members from 130 Countries Participate on ASTM International Committees; users from 175 countries. Standards Development Process complies with WTO’s TBT Requirements. No Project Costs. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

ASTM International: The Power of Partnership All stakeholders involved Neutral forum with consensus-based procedures Private and public sector cooperation Adoptions of standards from E 54, F 37, F 38 and F 39 by Do. D, FAA, CASA, DHS and other entities MOUs with NATO, DOD, and Standards Bodies of 48 Countries EXAMPLES: Product manufacturers • Federal agencies • Associations • Professional societies • UAS professionals and consultants • Financial organizations • Academia • Research institutions and laboratories AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

140 Technical Committees A FEW OTHER EXAMPLES……… A 01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, & Related Alloys B 07 on Light Metals & Alloys D 02 on Petroleum Products & Lubricants D 20 on Plastics E 34 on Occupational Health & Safety E 54 on Homeland Security Applications • E 54. 08 on Operational Equipment / Urban Search & Rescue Robots F 04 on Medical Devices F 37 on Light Sport Aircraft F 39 on General & Utility Category Aircraft Wiring Systems F 41 on Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Systems AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

ASTM’s Infrastructure Specifically Designed to Support the development and Delivery of technical information – making it “uncomplicated” Development of technical formation • Full administrative support through staff management, editorial assistance, and web infrastructure Delivery of technical information • 200 global points of resale and electronic flexibility of products AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Time Frame for Developing Information Complexity of the job Urgency of needs Time devoted by members Utilization of new informational technologies ASTM’s average standard development time is 17 months New committees average lesser times of about 9 – 16 months AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Technical Committee Organization Main Committee Subcommittee. 01 TG 2 Subcommittee. 02 TG 1 TG 2 Subcommittee. 03 TG 1 TG 2 Committees form to address industry subjects, with subcommittees addressing specialized subsets. Approved Standards Achieve Separate Subcommittee and Main Committee Approvals, as well as a Society Review and “Internal Audit. ” AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Website Functionality Members Have Instant Access to Rosters, Minutes, Agendas, Ballot Items, & Workflow Submissions… AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Website Functionality Minutes and Agendas Select the Link to the Desired Minutes/Agenda, & a Downloadable/Printable PDF Appears. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. Rosters Links to members with all Contact Information

Website Functionality Ballots Select the Link to the Desired Ballot (Listed by Subcommittee), & Review a Ballot that Lists All Items Under Review. To View a Specific Item, Click its Link, & a Downloadable/Printable PDF appears. Vote on the Item (Affirmative, Negative, Abstain, or Provide Comments) by Simply Selecting the Toggle. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 – Mini UAS Suite Portfolio Priority - Mini UAS Airworthiness Standard - Remote Control - Visual Range Operations Standard - Remote Control Visual Range Pilot Training Standard - Mini UAS Operation Handbook These standards contribute to: • Special Airworthiness Certification, • Program letter • Safety checklist • Certificates of Authorization (COA) • Approved Commercial Flight Under FAA Rules AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Existing Subcommittee Structure What do you need to fly? …A System Safety Case System Certification and Flight Authority Operations protocols & component performance Crew training & human factors consideration AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. F 38. 01 Airworthiness Standards • Safe design, construction, test, modification, & inspection of the individual component, aircraft, or system; hardware oriented F 38. 02 Operations Standards • Safe employment of the system within the aviation environment among other aircraft & systems; procedure/ performance oriented F 38. 03 Pilot & Maintenance Qualifications • Safe practices by the individuals responsible for employing the system; crew oriented

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Existing Subcommittee Structure – Why? What do you need to fly? • System Certification and Flight Authority • Operations protocols and component performance • Crew training and human factors consideration You would need • Reliability and Airworthiness Standards − Aircraft, Control Station, Datalink • Support Equipment Standards − Launch & recovery equipment − Starters, power supplies, fueling / de-fueling, others AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Existing Subcommittee Structure – Why? What do you need to fly? • System Certification and Flight Authority • Operations protocols and component performance • Crew training and human factors consideration You would need • • Standardized flight procedures Standardized maintenance procedures Safe separation from other airspace users Others, of course AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Existing Subcommittee Structure – Why? What do you need to fly? • System Certification and Flight Authority • Operations protocols and component performance • Crew training and human factors consideration You would need • Pilot certification system − Category and type, ratings, limitations • Criteria to certify air-crewmen − Eligibility, Knowledge, Experience, Test Standards • Criteria to certify maintainers • Others, of course AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Structure and Workflow - Gap Analysis Objectives • To provide guidance for standards bodies and user groups engaged in developing or adopting standards governing unmanned aircraft system design, manufacture, test, training, operation, and maintenance • To identify gaps in standards coverage unique to needs of unmanned aviation • To preclude duplicating existing standards already applicable to unmanned aviation • To be the leader and first choice in standards deliverables for the UAS industry by delivering prompt and relevant standards products to industry AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Structure and Workflow - Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End) Crew Qualifications Airframe UAS Operations Maintainers Airframe Airworthiness Level 2 Airframe Level 3 Materials Structures Landing Gear Launch Devices Maintenance Environmental General Level 4 - Launchers Materials Power Plant Turbine Structures Generators Materials Reciprocating Gear Taxi Landing Launch Devices Power Plant Turbine Avionics Takeoff Structures Launch Devices Fuels Generators Landing Maintenance Reciprocating. Gear Comm/NAV General Launch Devices Turbine Data Links Launch Devices Fuels Environmental Electric Generators / SA Maintenance Safety. General - Batteries Launch Devices Electric Environmental General - Solar Fuels General - Radioisotope General - Batteries - GSE Electric - Batteries ASTM - Solar ASTM F 2585 Specification for Design & Performance of Pneumatic-Hydraulic UAS Launch System AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. Pilot Non-Pilot Schools Human Factors - Certificates - Ratings - ASTM WK 5423 Certificates and Ratings Issued for Solar - UAV Pilots and Operators Radioisotope - De-Anti-Icing - See & Avoid - Fuel Cell Level 5 Reciprocating Ground Crew

F 38 Structure and Workflow - Gap Analysis Structure (Supplement at End) …An example of in-depth research From the ASTM F 38. 01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - Avionics Comm/Nav RTCA DO-187, DO-208, DO-278 Computers (SAE AS-2 works) Safety/Sit. Aware MIL-STD 882 • Sense & Avoid ASTM F 2411 -04 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System, RTCA DO-268 • Anti-icing/Deicing SAE AS 5498, AIR 4367 • Transponders FAA TSO Links Security-none; NATO STANAG 4586; RTCA DO-254; SAE ARP 4791 Software RTCA DO-178 B General (SAE AS-1 works); ARINC 429 (analog) and 629 (digital) AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

UAS Airspace Integration Joint IPT Tri-Service UAS Airspace Integration Joint Integrated Product Team (JIPT) chartered by the Air Force, Army, and Navy UAS Program Offices to coordinate related technology and standards development for worldwide airspace Standards Development Activity Center serves as JIPT focal point for coordinating its standards needs with ASTM, FINAS, RTCA, SAE, other SDOs and the DSPO AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

USN USAF USMC JCOE Creech AFB Do. D Policy Board on Federal Aviation CJCS USD(I) USD(AT&L) JUAS MRB Pentagon USD(P) UAS PTF Requirements Analysis Modeling & Simulation Test & Evaluation Standards Dev Specialty Engineering AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC ASD(HD) GC, Do. D PBFA (UAS SG) Systems Airworthiness Engineering & Integration © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. USD(C) JIPT Air Force (303 AESW) Army (SFAE-AV-UAS) Navy (PMA-263) DHS S&T Activity Centers ASD(NII) CHAIR Operations Collision & Avoidance Procedure DOT&E FAA USSOCOM Service UAS PO Command Communications

ADOPTION OF NON-GOVERNMENT STANDARDS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ANSI IEEE ASTM SAE NAS

Importance of NGSs to Do. D Access Commercial Industrial Base Cost Savings Current Technology Reduced Document Preparation & Maintenance Resources BOTTOM LINE: DOD CANNOT AFFORD TO SUPPORT A DEFENSE-UNIQUE INFRASTRUCTURE

Benefits of Adoption Not Necessary for Use, BUT…. . Ø Visibility via ASSIST database Ø Measure of confidence in document Ø Identifies Do. D Technical Focal Point Ø Adoption notice may provide application and other guidance Ø ADOPTION DOES NOT MEAN NGS MUST BE USED -- ONLY THAT SOMEONE IN Do. D IS USING NGS Ø

Which NGS Organization? Ø Requiring Activity Must Decide Ø 90% Do. D Adopted NGS From Only 10 NGS Organizations ASTM (2572) ASME (210) SAE (3242) AIA (1177) EIA (205) ISO (77) ANSI (272) UL (212) NEMA (77) AWPA (62)

Copies of Adopted NGS Ø Adopted NGS listed in the Acquisition Streamlining and Standardization Information System (ASSIST) database website: www. assist. daps. dla. mil Ø NGS Developer Ø Commercial Data Vendors

Defining F 38’s “Balance” Member Type • Individual • Corporation • Temporary (courtesy trial membership) Classification • Producer: Seller of products and services • User: Buyer of products and services • General: Other interested parties Voting Status • Tracked by: − Type − Classification − Interest (i. e. , company or organization) AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Membership Canada 4 Chile 1 Finland 1 France 1 Germany 1 7 South Korea 1 Singapore 4 Sweden 4 Taiwan 3 United Kingdom • 12 Countries • 4 Continents 1 Japan 211 Members Bahamas 2 United States of America AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. 181

F 38 Outlined Workflow - F 38. 01 on Airworthiness: Existing Standards F 2411 -07 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and. Avoid System F 2501 -06 Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness F 2505 -06 Standard Practice for Application of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Aviation Regulations Part 21 Requirements to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) F 2512 -07 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance in the Manufacture of Light Unmanned Aircraft System F 2584 -06 Standard Practice for Maintenance and Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) F 2585 -06 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of Pneumatic-Hydraulic Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Launch System F 2612 -07 Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Turbine Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System F 2667 -07 Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Compression Ignition Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - F 38. 01 on Airworthiness: Proposed Standards WK 6783 FAR Part 27 Review For Civil Unmanned Rotorcraft (CUR) Requirements WK 7067 Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of the Light Unmanned Airplane Systems (UAS) WK 7977 Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Engines for Unmanned Aircraft Systems WK 13686 Guide for Suggested Procedures for Applying for a Special Certificate of Airworthiness (Cof. A) Experimental (UAS) or a Type Certificate for an Unmanned Aircraft System WK 13935 Standard Guide for Mini UAS Airworthiness WK 15881 Specification for Design and Performance of UAS Recovery Systems AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 – Mini UAS Airworthiness • Assure public safety • Target the single man operation • Sufficient, not excessive • Limit to Visual Range and Remote Control operations − Includes altitude hold type functions − RC is always connected • Design so users can and will use it AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Design and Performance Standard sequence found in FAR 23: Applicability Flight Structure Design and Construction Powerplant AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Topics Covered Design and Performance Required Equipment Quality Assurance Acceptance Tests Aircraft Operating Instructions Maintenance and Inspection Procedures Identification and Recording of Major Repairs and Major Alterations Continued Airworthiness AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Issues still open Pilot Operating Handbook description Whether or not we need more specifics in QA Further development of test procedures Decision on Specification or Guide AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - F 38. 02 on Operations: Existing and Proposed Standards Existing • F 2395 -07 Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems • F 2500 -07 Standard Practice for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Visual Range Flight Operations Proposed • WK 13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range Operators AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

WK 13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range Operators Hazard and Risk Analysis Mitigation and Company Operating Procedures How to use Airworthiness, VR Operations, and VR-RC Pilot documents • Aircraft handbook and maintenance -- documentation • Types of operations -- documentation • Training, Qual, Currency and Documentation Part 91 operations – not for sport or recreation • Business Aviation Operation model AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Organization of Standard 1 Company Organization 2 Company Safety Management System 3 Operational Control 4 Operating Requirements 5 Emergency Procedures and Equipment 7 Qualifications and Training 8 Record Keeping 9 Aircraft Maintenance 10 Security Procedures 11 Transportation of Dangerous Goods 12 Company Forms 13 Company Directives AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - F 38. 03 on Pilot and Maintenance Operations: Existing and Proposed Standards Existing • F 2635 -07 Standard Classification for Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Certification Proposed • WK 8962 Standard Practice for Remote Control Pilots Operating within Visual Range (awaiting publication) • WK 11174 Commercial Pilot Unmanned Aircraft Practical Test Standards • WK 11425 Private Pilot Unmanned Aircraft Practical Test Standards AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

F 38 Outlined Workflow - Proposed New Areas F 38 Proposed/Additional Subcommittee Structure • F 38. 0 x – Payloads (Proposed) − Standard test methods for payloads to comply w/S&A − Standard payload interfaces − IP messaging service • F 38. 0 x - Support Equipment (Proposed) − Launch equipment (Rail, rocket, air) − Recovery equipment (Arresting gear, nets, etc. ) − Fueling / de-fueling − Ground power, backup power − Test Equipment − Toolkits − Transport equipment (Containers, towing, etc. ) • F 38. 0 x – Control Stations (Proposed) AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

Supplement - Gap Analysis in Detail Recalling Subcommittee Structure: • F 38. 01 Airworthiness Standards • F 38. 02 Operations Standards • F 38. 03 Pilot & Maintenance Qualifications The Gap Analysis Will • • provide guidance for standards bodies and user groups engaged in developing or adopting standards governing unmanned aircraft system design, manufacture, test, training, operation, and maintenance preclude duplicating existing standards already applicable to unmanned aviation identify gaps in standards coverage unique to needs of unmanned aviation Roadmap Key: ASTM F 38 standards in progress - in orange ASTM approved standards – in yellow Outstanding needs – in red AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 01 Standards Roadmap: Level 1 - Airworthiness Level 2 Airframe Level 3 Materials Structures Landing Gear Launch Devices Maintenance Environmental General Level 4 - Launchers Power Plant Reciprocating Turbine Generators Launch Devices Fuels General Electric - Batteries - Solar - Fuel Cell Avionics Comm/NAV Data Links Safety / SA General - De-Anti-Icing - See & Avoid ASTM F 2585 Specification for Design & Performance Level 5 of Pneumatic-Hydraulic UAS Launch System AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 – AIRFRAME (under Level 1 Airworthiness) Materials……………. . MIL HDBK 5 (metals), 17 (composites) Structures……………MIL-HDBK 1530; MIL-STD 403 A Landing Gear…………. JIS W 2502; FAA TSO-C 62 d; MIL-T-504; SAE ARP 1493 A Wheels/Brakes/Skid Control ARP 1595 A, ARP 1907 A, ARP 813 B, SAE ARP 1311 B, Gears/Struts/ Couplings ARP 1598 AAIR 1494 A, AIR 4566, SAE AIR 5487, AS 1188 Tires Launch Devices…………………. ASTM F 2585 Standard Specification for the Design and Performance of a Pneumatic UAS Launch System Recovery Devices………………. WK 15881 Specification for Design and Performance of UAS Recovery Systems Environmental…………(see next chart) RTCA DO-160 C, • External MIL HDBK 237 • Internal (Onboard) General………………. 14 CFR 21, 23, 25, 27, 29; ASTM F 2501 -06 Standard Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness, ASTM F 2501 Recommended Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 01 Standards Roadmap: Level 3/4/5/6 - Environmental General External • • Altitude (TPH) De-icing/Anti-icing Rain, ice, lightning, etc. Salt, fog, dust, etc. • Fungus • • EMI, HERO, etc. Solar weather SAE ARP 147 E (terminology), ARP 780 B (symbols) MIL-STD 202, 810; RTCA DO-160; NEBS GR-63 -CORE (see Avionics/Safety; SAE AC-9 C work) SAE AIR 1168/4, ARP 5577; MIL-STD 810; RTCA DO-160 MIL-STD 820; ASTM B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM D 120 Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves, D 470 Method for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable, D 518 Method for Rubber Deterioration. Surface Cracking; MIL-STD 810; RTCA DO-160 MIL-STD 461 D, 646; SAE ARP 1972, ARP 5583, ARP 5889 JEDEC JESD-89 Internal (Onboard) • • • Temperature Pressure Humidity Shock/Vibration/Accel Acoustic SAE AIR 64 B, AIR 89 D, AIR 1277 B, AS 8040 A SAE AIR 1168/7 SAE AIR 1609 A, ARP 987 A MIL-STD 167, 202, 331 (catapult/arrested landing), 810 SAE AIR 1826 AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - Powerplants Reciprocating Engines • Propellers Turbines 14 CFR 33, 34, 36; SAE AS 25109, AS 1 B, ASTM WK 9561 Design and Manufacture of Compression Ignition Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System 14 CFR 35; SAE ARP 355, AS 107, AIR 1872 14 CFR 35, 34, 36; SAE ARP 748 A, AIR 1872, ASTM WK 9560 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Turbine Engines for Unmanned Aircraft System Electric • • • Batteries Solar (Photovoltaic) Radioisotope Generators/Starters Fuels • • Systems/Instruments Tanks General IEC Std 952 -1; MIL-B-8565; IEC 21/466/CD IEC 61427: 1999 SAE AIR 1213 SAE AS 13 ASTM D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines, D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels SAE AIR 1408, AS 407, AS 431, AR 1326 SAE AIR 4069 A, AS 5502 A, AMSS 8802 B (SAE E-25 works); MIL-STD-8879 c AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 01 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - Avionics Comm/Nav RTCA DO-187, DO-208, DO-278 Computers (SAE AS-2 works) Safety/Sit. Aware MIL-STD 882 • Sense & Avoid ASTM F 2411 -04 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System, RTCA DO-268 • Anti-icing/Deicing SAE AS 5498, AIR 4367 • Transponders FAA TSO Links Security-none; NATO STANAG 4586; RTCA DO-254; SAE ARP 4791 Software RTCA DO-178 B General (SAE AS-1 works); ARINC 429 (analog) and 629 (digital) AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 02 Standards Roadmap: Level 1 - Operations UAS Operations General Terminology Symbology Flight VFR IFR Payloads AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved. Ground Taxi Takeoff Landings

The ASTM F 38. 02 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - General Terminology Symbology ASTM F 2395 -05 Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems, AIAA R 103 -2004 SAE ARP 4155, ARP 5289 AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 02 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - Flight VFR IFR Payloads • Data Recorders • Returnable − Sensors − Relay/ Broadcast Eqmt • Deliverable − Weapons − Cargo − Aerial Refueling Business Aviation Practices 14 CFR 91, ASTM WK 3135 Guide for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Authorization, WK 10504 Practice for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Visual Range Flight Operations 14 CFR 91, 95, ASTM WK 3135 Guide for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Authorization Universal Interface; IEEE-1394 b; SAE AS 5609 SAE AS 8039 SAE AIR 4911, AS 1212 (SWAP), AIR 1277 (SWAP) SAE J 1113/28, J 551/4, ARP 5583 (HIRF) 14 CFR 91 Positive Control, Weapon Safing: SAE AIR 5532 SAE AS 1325, AS 5385, ARP 1409, AS 25959 SAE ARP 1665, AS 1284 WK 13989 Mini-UAS, Visual Range Operators AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 02 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 - Ground Taxi Takeoff Landing Airports AGE SAE ARP 693, AIR 1589, AIR 4096 (FOD), ARP 5898 SAE AIR 852, AS 8044, AIR 4096. ARP 4104 SAE ARP 1070, AIR 1739, ARP 181, ARP 4102, AIR 4243, ARP 69 UA Accommodation at Alternates-none; 14 CFR 139; SAE ARP 5910, AIR 1845, AIR 5387, ARP 4084, AIR 1335 SAE AIR 1247, AIR 1375, AIR 4286, AS 4852, AS 5488 AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 03 Standards Roadmap: Level 1 - Qualifications Crew Pilots Operators Schools Human Factors Maintainers Special A&P Mechanics Schools Human Factors General Commercial AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38. 03 Standards Roadmap: Level 2 – Crew, Maintainer, Special Crew Pilots Non-Pilot Aircrew Schools Human Factors A&P Mechanics Schools Human Factors General 14 CFR Part 61, 67; F 2635 Standard Classification for Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Certification 14 CFR 63, 65, 67 14 CFR 141, 142; SAE ARP 5453 SAE ARP 4033, ARP 4107 (HF Glossary), (SAE G-10 works) Maintainer JI 8152 (in work) 14 CFR 147; JI 8152 (in work) (SAE G-13 works) 14 CFR 43; F 2584 -06 Standard Practice for Maintenance and Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light UAS Special Commercial Operators 14 CFR 119, 121, 133, 137 AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38 Standards Roadmap: General CASA UA 25 Australian regulation for certification and operation of unmanned aircraft; MIL-HDBK 516; ASTM F 2501 Recommended Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38 Standards Roadmap: Findings – 5 Categories Standards exists and explicitly written for UA • ASTM F 2411 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and. Avoid System, ASTM F 2501 Recommended Practices for Unmanned Aircraft System Airworthiness, ASTM F 2505 Practice for Application of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Aviation Regulations Part 21 Requirements to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Standard exists and directly applicable to UA (“as is”) • ASTM D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines Standard exists and applicable to UA (aviation qualified), but focused elsewhere • SAE AIR 4911, video interface for entertainment vice reconnaissance systems “The purpose of this document is to establish the requirements for sensor/video interconnect subsystems. These requirements have been driven predominantly, but not exclusively, by aerospace-type military platforms and commercial aircraft. These requirements are intended to be used as the criteria to establish a sensor/video interconnection standard that will foster the development of common hardware to simplify the total interconnectivity of future avionics platforms. ” Standard exists on topic, but indirectly applicable to UA (“thread”) • IEC 61427: 1999, photovoltaic (solar) cells No suitable standard exists • UA (none) vice aircraft carrier (MIL-STD 331) catapults AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

The ASTM F 38 Standards Roadmap: Conclusions & Action Many UAS relevant topics covered in existing standards. Documentation gap for airworthiness now covered in F 2501, incorporating over 300 standards. F 38 recognizes these existing standards, and focuses on addressing identified gaps now and in the future. Subcommittees and lead writers assigned to address the identified ‘gaps’ in UAS standards. Best Practices draft standards be structured along same lines as briefing and expanded/updated to identify such gaps in standards. New F 38 members sought with expertise directly applicable to these gaps. AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.

ASTM International Committee F 38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems QUESTIONS? Daniel A. Schultz ASTM International Director, Committee Support Jeff Goldfinger L-3 Communications F 38 Membership Secretary +1 610 -832 -9716 +1 817 -619 -2438 dschultz@astm. org Jeffrey. goldfinger@L-3 com. com www. astm. org http: //www. L-3 Com. com 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box 5484 W. Conshohocken, PA 19428 -2959 Arlington, TX 76005 -5484 USA AUVSI Unmanned Systems NA 2007 / Washington, DC © ASTM International. All Rights Reserved.