Asper School of Business University of Manitoba Systems Analysis & Design Instructor: Bob Travica Analyzing organizational & system processes: Activity diagram Updated 2017
Outline n Activity diagram concept n Elements of activity diagram n Reading activity diagrams n Process logic in activity diagram n Creating activity diagrams 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 2
Activity Diagram (AD) concept n A diagram used for showing systems requirements; results from process analysis n AD depicts: n n sometimes AD represents flow of processes - bird’s eye n process logic – time order of process steps (activities) & decision points n n a business process (workflow), manual & automated (carried by an IS as part of process) - frog’s perspective actors (touch system), business event sources (initiate actors to work) AD resembles old flow charts and data flow diagram 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 3
Organization as Set of Processes n Business Process Management framework n Organizational/business process is a set of activities connected from a start to an end point, which provides a specific deliverable to a customer (inside or outside of the organization). The deliverable has a measurable value for the customer. n Any operation can be thought of as a process (hiring, pay, production, accounting, IS support, purchasing, sale, delivery, customer service…). 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 4
Process Approach and Business Effects n IS can be part of a process to various extents (“system footprint”). n Better performing process (faster, cheaper, more valuable for the customer) increases organizational performance (revenue, profit, market share…). s ve impro Process Design improves Process Performance causes Organizational Performance improves Information System 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 5
AD components – Quote Process Page 146 Start * Who/What performs activity Swimlane (column) Time approximation Activity, Process step Process flow (control) Decision point; yes/no branching Loop, one technique: decision + flow back End * System=information system (sometimes just “computer”). 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 6
AD components – Parallel Steps Provide Technical Details Synchronization Bars, indicate parallel steps Parallel steps, run at the same time 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 7
Gateway concept • Diamond shape is also called Gateway * (see Note) Mail type? split process merge process Exclusive (EXOR) decision: do one; same as Inclusive (OR) decision: do one or more; more compact than EXOR Seek investor Parallel activities (AND): do all; same as synchronization bars • More than binary branching possible 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 8
AD for Customer Ordering by Telephone – more components Page 227 (bit modified) Decision shown as Activity: - N outflows - Outflows named - Loop Another method: 1. loop bars 2. enter & exit condition Pasting activities with “/” to save space 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 9
Process logic n Sequential (step 1, step 2, step 3…) n Conditional: If-Then (decision points: if condition A, then step n); binary or N-ary choices as outflows n Iteration/loop: Control back to a previous step while a certain condition persists n Slide 4, feedback from the “Change required? ” decision point n Slide 6, loop between bars For each item to End of each 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 10
What AD does not show? n Data passed between steps (Data flow diagram shows it – part of structural methodology) n Objects (But can be inferred; e. g. , Customer, Order, Clerk) n User interface (Clerk--System connection) 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 11
How to create AD 1. Identify activities (steps) of a process 2. Identify who/what performs activities (process steps) 3. Draw swimlanes 4. Identify decision points (if-then) 5. Determine if a step is in loop (For each…, or if-then loop) 6. Determine if step is parallel with some other 7. Identify order of activities, decision points Continues… 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 12
How to create AD (cont. ) 8. Draw the start point of the process in the swimlane of the first activity (step) 9. Draw the oval of the first activity (step) 10. Draw an arrow to the location of the second step 11. Draw subsequent steps, while inserting decision points and synchronization/loop bars where appropriate 12. Draw the end point after the last step. You can tabulate these data (see next slide). 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 13
How to create AD (cont. ) Step ID 1 4 6 8 7 Customer No No - Develop requirement notes Salesperson No Yes 1 Decision: Help? Salesperson Yes 2 4 5 Request quote Salesperson enters data Salesperson No Yes 3 5 3 Parallel Activity 3 2 Who/What Performs 2 1 Process Activity or Decision Check requirements Technical Expert No Yes 3 6 Tech. expert enters data Technical Expert No Yes 5 7 Calculate quote System No Yes 4, 6 8 Review quote Customer No Yes 7 9 Decision: Changes? Customer No Yes 8 Accept quote as order Customer No No 9 9 10 10 - 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica Loop Preceding Step 14
AD Example: Simple process including wending machine Commuting Ticket Purchasing Process Select trip Read trip record Select payment Payment type? Syncing EX OR (optional) Material thin g no Cash payment? yes Material thin g 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 15
Travel Services Integrator AD Example: Travel Services -Top level involving processes in different firms 3510 Systems Analysis & Design * Bob Travica 16
Скачать презентацию Asper School of Business University of Manitoba Systems
03d3548a65ec919a1e7488627e09e098.ppt