Ascomycota Liz Kramer
Terms Hyphae- tube-like structures, basic unit of ascomycota ¢ Mycelium- mass of hyphae (mold) ¢ Septa- parts of the hyphae in the cell wall, keeps cytoplasm in and gives stability ¢
Fungi ¢ ¢ ¢ Decomposers Eukaryotes Non-vascular Reproduce by spores in most cases Have cell walls kind of like plants, except theirs are made of chitin Heterotrophic (they have to feed on other things to survive)
Fungi-Ascomycota ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Ascomycota is a phylum under fungi Largest phylum Has over 64, 000 species in it Has asexual and sexual reproducing members All of it’s members trace back to a common ancestor Can either be one-celled, or in chains of connected cells called hyphae Found everywhere in the world, including Antarctica Highly diverse!
Ascomycota Characteristics ¢ They have septa l Give hyphae structure cross walls in the spores sometimes ¢ many of them have an ascus ¢ A lot of things under this classification are in a “sac” like shape. ¢ Conidiospores in asexually reproducing organisms ¢
Asexual Reproduction ¢ ¢ ¢ Responsible for rapid reproduction Occurs through reproductive spores called conidia. Conidiospores are released They form tubes of hyphae They grow into each other and fuse to make mycelia Conidiophores are a distinct characteristic of Ascomycota
Asexual repro. Continued. . ¢ Budding l Used by yeast • Split off from parent • Grow until they are the same size • Then repeat process
Conidiophores ¢ ¢ Can produce masses of spores Sometimes the spores are called mitospores, because they are produced through mitosis Spores released through a small opening, called the ostiole Used in asexual reproduction
Conidia are always in the air, it can be dangerous to people with weak immune systems
Sexual Reproduction!
Didn’t get all that? ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Each ascocarp (the main reproductive structure of many ascomycota) has zygotes These diploid zygotes undergo meiosis and mitosis to form many haploid cells These cells are called spores The spores are sent into the ground, or blown wherever There are two types of spores, positive and negative Spores of same types form together to make chains of hyphae The opposite types of hyphae can then form together to make another reproducing ascocarp
Ascocarp
Eating habits!! ¢ ¢ ¢ Eat dead biomass (plants, anything organic) Sometimes eat living organisms To do this they produce strong digestive enzymes Break things down into tiny molecules Absorb them through the cell wall One species (Amorphotheca resinae) eats airplane fuel
Forming relationships ¢ Many ascomycota form symbiotic relationships with different organisms including Plant roots l Lichens l Plant stems or leaves l ¢ Symbiotic relationships mean both benefit
3 Sub Phylums ¢ Pezizomycotina l Largest subphylum l Contains truffles, cup fungi, caterpillar fungi, and black molds l reproduce by fission l Almost all can be seen by the human eye l A 3. 3 pound white truffle was sold somewhere in Europe for $330, 000
Saccharomycotina ¢ ¢ ¢ Contains yeast Ex. Bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reproduce by budding (asexual) Single celled Yeasts are important for the food industry!
Taphrinomycotina ¢ ¢ Contains hyphal fungi, and mammalian lung parasite Also contains yeast that reproduce by fission
Harmful Ascomycota ¢ Can be harmful to plants, humans or animals Cause ringworm and athlete’s foot l Everyday molds are classified under this phylum l One type of ascomycota is known to cause Dutch Elm disease l
Helpful Ascomycota ¢ ¢ ¢ Truffels and morels make edible ascocarps that are prized and most are expensive to buy! Yeast is used for alcohol and leavened bread penecillium, can be made into the antibiotic penicillin
Review! ¢ What two ways can ascomycota reproduce by? l ¢ Sexually, and asexually What is the main sexual reproductive structure in ascomycota? l The ascocarp ¢ ¢ There are 3 subphylums of Ascomycota are important decomposers l ¢ They can break down almost anything Ascomycota is the largest phylum of fungi
Sources http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Taphrinomycotina http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pezizomycotina http: //tolweb. org/Pezizomycotina http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Saccharomycotina http: //www. palaeos. org/Saccharomycotina http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ascomycota http: //tolweb. org/tree? group=Ascomycota&contgroup=Fungi http: //simple. wikipedia. org/wiki/Asexual_reproduction http: //www. atsu. edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Fungi. htm#hy http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Truffle_(fungus) http: //www. uwlax. edu/biology/volk/fungi 3/sld 010. htm http: //www. wrongdiagnosis. com/medical/ascomycota. htm
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