Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2 2 04

Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2/2/04

Today we’ll discus: • • Intelligence Artificial Intelligence A brief history of AI Cool current projects in AI

What’s involved in Intelligence? • Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation) • Ability to model the world and to reason about it • Ability to learn and to adapt

Goals in AI • To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior • To understand intelligence in order to model it

Modeling people? • Sometimes • But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and smarter than we are

A Brief History of AI • 1943: Mc. Culloch and Pitts propose a model of artificial neurons • 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural network computer, the SNARC

The Dartmouth Conference (1956) • John Mc. Carthy organizes a two-month workshop for researchers interested in neural networks and the study of intelligence • Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of study: Artificial Intelligence

1952 -1969 Enthusiasm: • Arthur Samuel’s checkers player • Shakey the robot • Lots of work on neural networks

1966 -1974 Reality: • AI problems appear to be too big and complex • Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have very little memory (compared to today)

1969 -1979 Knowledge-based systems: • Birth of expert systems • Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to start with

1980 -1988 AI in industry: • R 1 becomes first successful commercial expert system • Some interesting phone company systems for diagnosing failures of telephone service

1990 s to the present: • Increases in computational power (computers are cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than they used to) • An example of the coolness of speed: Computer Chess

Computer Chess • 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue – Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss • 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue – First match won against world champion – 512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second How do you think it works? ? ?

Cool things AI is doing now

Robotics Mars rover http: //marsrovers. jpl. nasa. gov/home/index. html Humanoid robots http: //www. ai. mit. edu/projects/humanoid-roboticsgroup/ Entertainment robots http: //www. us. aibo. com/ Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”

Machine Learning • Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that is just too big for humans to analyze • [c 4. 5 demos]

Lanuage Systems Automatic translation http: //world. altavista. com/ You type, it types back http: //www. mrmind. com/mrmind 3

Speech Systems Movie ticket reservations by phone 1 -800 -Fandango You talk, it types IBM’s Via. Voice

Vision Systems Face recognition and enhancement http: //www. ri. cmu. edu/labs/lab_51. html Automated driving - No Hands across America Visual tracking systems http: //www 1. cs. columbia. edu/CAVE/research/de mos/. index. html

More Information http: //www. aaai. org/Pathfinder/html/show. h tml