Article III of U.S. Constitution Section 1. The

Article III of U.S. Constitution Section 1. The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Article III of U.S. Constitution Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.

Illinois has 3 federal judicial districts Northern Central Southern

New York has 4 federal judicial districts Northern Southern Eastern Western

Wyoming has only one federal judicial district

US has 12 regional appellate courts – arranged in 11 circuits and one Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia There is also a Federal Circuit Court

What cases are “binding”?

Understanding US Federal Court Citations Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980)

3 Levels of Federal Courts US Supreme Court US Courts of Appeal US District Courts (Trial)

US District (Trial) Courts Federal Supplement (first and second series) First Series Citation: F. Supp. Published: 1933–1998 Volumes: 999 Second Series Citation: F. Supp. 2d Published: 1998–present Volumes: over 600

US Courts of Appeals Federal Reporter (first, second and third series) First Series Citation: F. Published: 1880–1924 Volumes: 300 Second Series Citation: F.2d Published: 1924–1993 Volumes: 999 Third Series Citation: F.3d Published: 1993–present Volumes: 600+

US Supreme Court United States Reports: U.S. Supreme Court Reporter: S. Ct. Lawyers’ Edition (first and second series): L. Ed., L. Ed. 2d

Examples Lopes v. Reederei Richard Schroder, 225 F.Supp 292 (E.D.Pa.1963) Adra v. Clift, 195 F.Supp 857 (D.Md.1961)

Example: para 10 IIT v. Vencap, Ltd., 519 F.2d 1001 (2d Cir. 1975)

Example: FN 9 United States v. Toscanino, 500 F.2d 267 (2d Cir. 1975)

Example: FN 23 Benjamins v. British European Airways, 527 F.2d 913 (2d Cir. 1978)

Examples Great W. United Corp. v. Kidwell, 577 F.2d 1256 (5th Cir. 1978) Mattel v. MCA Records, 296 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2002) Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. v. Sebelius, 723 F.3d 1114 (10th Cir. 2013)

Example: para 10 Dreyfus v. von Finck, 534 F.2d 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 835, 97 S.Ct. 103, 50 L.Ed.2d 101 (1976)

Example: para 45 Bell v. Hood, 327 U.S. 678, 66 S.Ct. 773, 90 L.Ed. 939 (1946)

Example: para 44 Lincoln Mills v. Textile Workers, 353 U.S. 448, 77 S.Ct. 912, 1 L.Ed.2d 972 (1957)

Example: para 52 Underhill v. Hernandez, 168 U.S. 250, 18 S.Ct. 83, 42 L.Ed. 456 (1897)

Example: para 18 Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino, 376 U.S. 398, 84 S.Ct. 923, 11 L.Ed.2d 804 (1964)

Example: para 24 Hitai v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 242 F.2d 466, 468 (2d Cir. 1965)

Example: para 37 Ivy Broadcasting Co., Inc. v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 391 F.2d 486, 492 (2d Cir. 1968)

Example: para 37 Ivy Broadcasting Co., Inc. v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 391 F.2d 486, 492-495 (2d Cir. 1968)

Example: para 37 Ivy Broadcasting Co., Inc. v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 391 F.2d 486, 492, 499-500 (2d Cir. 1968)

QUIZ !!!

QUIZ United States v. Reid, 369 F.3d 619 (1st Cir. 2004)

QUIZ United States v. Moussaoui, 483 F.3d 220, 223 (4th Cir. 2007)

QUIZ Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466 (2004)

QUIZ Gates v. Bismullah, 128 S. Ct. 2960 (2008)

QUIZ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557, 558- 560 (2006)

QUIZ Padilla v. Rumsfeld, 243 F. Supp. 2d 42, 49 (S.D.N.Y. 2003)

QUIZ Hamdi v. Rumsfeld 542 U.S. 507, 533 (2004)

QUIZ Bismullah v. Gates, 501 F.3d 178, 188-190 (D.C. Cir. 2007)

QUIZ Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)

QUIZ Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980)

How can I find these cases?