Art of the United Kingdom
The Art of the United Kingdom refers to all forms of visual art. It is part of Western art history, and during the 18 th century Great Britain began once again to take the leading place England had in European art during the Middle Ages, being especially strong in portraiture and landscape art.
Sculpture
At the beginning of the XVIII century British sculpture was influenced by foreign art. Sculpture of the XVIII century is expressed in a variety of tombstones.
The most famous sculptors of England
John Flaxman (1755 – 1826) was a British sculptor. He was a prolific maker of funerary monuments.
Thomas Woolner (1825 – 1892) was also an English sculptor. He was a creator of many important public works as well as memorials, tomb sculptures and narrative reliefs.
Architecture
Britain is rich in monuments and antiquities. Each region of the country has its own characteristic appearance, architecture and traditions.
The main Gothic Cathedral in England is the Cathedral of Westminster Abbey. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury , national shrine and the place of coronation of the kings since William the conqueror. It is listed among the world heritage site and it is a masterpiece of medieval architecture.
the next architectural heritage of london is the castle tower. it is also linked with the name of the norman king william the conqueror. it was build in the 11 th century the meaning of its castle was changeable.
there is another representative of english gothic the royal buckingham palace. it is located in the west -end district in westminster. this is the official london residence of british monarchs. it is designed for official ceremonies, banquets and
there is the other monument of the most interesting historical objects of the country - windsor castle. it was built in the english gothic style and is considered to be the main residence of english kings. for over 900 years, the castle is a firm symbol of the monarchy, towering on a hill in the valley of the river thames. his name was called as the now ruling in england royal dynasty (in 1917).
big ben is the name of the largest of the six bells of westminster palace in london. it is believed that the bell was named big ben (big ben) in honor of sir benjamin hall, a supervisor of construction works.
later, there is such a style as modernism- it’s emerged as a reaction to the world before the 1 st world war, including in the form of the historical architectural styles and architecture of high-tech. emerged as an attempt to revive the language of modernism, drawing inspiration from technology to create new architectural expressions. a vivid example is the skyscraper built for office swiss re. it’s called the gharkin of its shape. used in the construction of the shell, were invented by russian architector shukhov. its height is 180 metres.
The History of British painting ØHogarth is the founder of English painting. He facilitated the establishment of the Academy of Arts, that was founded in 1768 by Joshua Reynolds, the greatest master of English painting of the second half of the 18 th century. ØLate 18 th - early 19 th century – the flourishing of landscape painting (John Constable, Joseph Turner). John Constable Joseph Turner Joshua Reynolds (1776 — 1837) Thomas Gainsborough William Hogarth (1775 — 1851) (1723— 1792) (1727– 1788) (1697— 1764)
Hogarth’s Marriage a la Mode William Hogarth. The Countess's Morning Levee. 1743. William Hogarth. The Visit to the Quack Doctor. 1743. William Hogarth. The Suicide of the Countess. 1743. William Hogarth. The Marriage Contract. 1743. William Hogarth. The Death of the Earl. 1743. William Hogarth. Shortly After the Marriage. 1743. (1697— 1764) Oil on canvas. National Gallery, London, UK
The Humours of an Election The Polling, 1755 Canvassing for Votes, 1755 Chairing the Member, 1755 An Election Entertainment, 1755
Portraiture Romney. Lady Hamilton. Sir Joshua Reynolds. Augustus Keppel. 1753. Lord Heathfield. 1787. John Hoppner Thomas Gainsborough. George Romney Thomas Lawrence. Thomas Gainsborough. Romney. Joshua Reynolds National Maritime Museum, National Gallery, London, UK. Queen Victoria by Franz Xavier. Prince Albert by Franz Xavier. Mrs. Sarah Siddons. 1785. Thomas Lawrence. Sir Francis Burdett. 1793. Elisabeth Farren. The Blue Boy. Exhibited R. A. 1770. Emma Hart , later Lady Hamilton, London, UK. Winterhaler. Lady Hamilton as Nature. National Gallery, London, UK. Marguerite, Countess of Blessington, 1819. Sir Joshua Reynolds. Nelly O'Brien. 1763. Henry E. Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino, CA, USA. in a Cavern. 1782 -85 Thomas Lawrence Wallace Collection, London, UK.
Landscape painting Turner William Turner. Salisbury Cathedral, from the Bishop's Grounds. John Constable. Joseph Turner The Battle of Trafalgar. 1806 1823. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK The Fighting Temeraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken up. 1838. Landscape Noon (The Hay-Wain). 1821. The Cornfield. 1826. The National Gallery, London, UK.
Principal art galleries The National Gallery The Tate Britain The National Portrait Gallery
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