Art Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium House

Art & Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium House of Pansa House of the Vettii Villa of the mysteries House of the Faun “Harbour Scene from Stabiae “the Lost Ram “Perseus and Andromeda “Death of Penthius “The Trojan horse Portrait of Terentius neo & wife Dionysiac frieze villa of the Mysteries Wall from Villa Publius Fannius Sinistor Portrait of a Woman Alexander Mosaic Nilotic scene “Sorceress & client

79 AD DESTRUCTION buried under 10 m of ash and remained so for 1700 yrs. A time capsule into the life of 1 st century Romans in a holiday area of Campania. Pompeians didn’t become Roman citizens until 89 BC and by 79 AD Roman culture overlay the earlier culture of the Osci and Samnite tribes. Greeks had occupied the southern part of Italy since 5 th century BC so there was an influence of Hellenism in Pompeii and Herculanium.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS: Temples, Basilicas (palaces). Fine decoration and architecture PRIVATE BUILDINGS: As today, homes reflected socio-economic status: Poor lived in high rise apartments (Insulae) in 4 th century Rome there were 46000 of them housing more than ¾ of a million people. In Pompei (pop 20, 000) the poor lived in flats above shops and richer houses. Wealthy lived in Domus (stand alone houses built around an open atrium – inward looking) or luxurious villae (grand with seaviews, terrace, porticoes, large windows) on the outskirts of town or surrounding countryside overlooking the bay of Naples.

The Elite Domus • Typical elite houses evolved from Etruscan atrium-style houses, with the addition of Greek style peristyle (colonnaded) gardens. • Usually were one floor, with a main reception room (atrium) surrounded by bedrooms (cubicula), dining room (triclinium), record room/office (tablinum).

Palatine Hill, 6 th c. BCE House

Upper rooms, often sublet to tenants. Impluvium - pool directly below roof opening Triclinium – summer dining room. Exedra–outdoor sitting or eating Peristylium – courtyard Roof opening – letting in light (and rain) with trees, fountains, statues, surrounded by Horta – garden columns (colonnade) Oecus–spare room. Culina – Kitchens Tablinum – Study. The Roman domus Atrium – visitors room Fauces – or vestibulum Triclinium – dining room. Cubiculum – bedrooms Taberna – rented out shop or workplace. Outer Wall – Domus was inward facing. DOMUS

Sample Plan of a Roman House (Domus) L V C A Ta Tri E vestibulum cubiculum/cubicula atrium tablinum triclinium exedra T L Al Cu P taberna latrina alae culina peristylium

The Faucis Entrance way) (entrance Pompeii, House

Entrance, House of Menander

House of Menander, View from Fauces to Peristyle Garden

The Atrium • Reception room, often with an opening in the ceiling with an impluvium below. • Contained the family gods (Lares and Penates), imagines (masks of the ancestors), symbolic marriage bed. • Women of the house (or their slaves) may have wool-worked there.

Atrium, House of the Silver Wedding, Pompeii

The Lararium

Bronze Lar, found in a SW corner of an atrium, Pompeii

Herculaneum Lararium contained lars (symbols or masks of ancestors), & penates (gods of the household

Loom Reconstruction

The Tablinum The Master’s Study containing the family records wax tablets (Tabulae) the Household Safe (Arca) Scrolls

House of the Faun Tablinum

Detail of the Mosaic Floor

Tabula and Writing Materials

Lucernae, Oil Lamps

Scrolls in Capsa

A tablinum wall-painting

The Culina

Roman Kitchen, Reconstruction

View of an Ancient Kitchen

Ancient Glassware

Roman Cooking Utensils in Bronze

The Latrina (Ancient Roman Toilet) Fun on a cold morning!

Latrina Closeup

Cubicula (Bedrooms)

Roman Beds

Pompeii, House of the Centaur, Cubiculum Reconstruction

Triclinium (Dining Room)

Pompeii, Triclinium

Dining Room - Summer

Pompeii, Candelabrum

Triclinium, The Dining Room

Triclinium

Roman Seating

Roman Marble Table

Pompeii, Bronze Table

Pompeii, Roman Glass

Roman Lamps

Roman Couches

Peristyle Court

Peristylium with Birdbath and Hortus

Peristylium with Piscina (Fish Pond)

Walled Peristylium

Outdoor Fountain

Frontal View of the Fountain and Statue. Note the Intricate Mosaic Work

O D u o t o r L a r i u m

Tintinnabulum, Pompeii

Villa at Boscoreale, Reconstruction

Cubiculum, Boscoreale

Herculaneum 3 Storey House

Pompeii Street Plan

Pompeii Houses with Vesuvius View

http: //pompeya. desdeinter. net/pompeya. htm

Villa at Settefinestre

Settefinestre House Plan

Houses of the Poorer working people lived in rooms behind or above their places of work. The elite often rented out the front rooms of their houses, on either side of the entrances, for use as shops, workrooms, or restaurants, often with living space included. The lower classes also lived in apartment buildings (insulae).

Insulae

Domus Romana