Areal linguistics Types of Classification of World

Areal linguistics

Types of Classification of World Languages (on the basis of Comparativism) Genealogical classification 1) 2) 3) 4) Tree Family Group Comparative historical method Areal Classification 1) Area 2) Zone 3) Language contacts 4) Sprachbund 5) Isoglosses 6) Dialect area 7) Convergence 8) Divergence Typological (Morphological) typology 1) Types 2) Classes 3) Structure

Areal linguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies (using the methods of linguistic geography ) distribution of linguistic phenomena in the spatial extent and interlingual (interdialectic) interaction.

What does it mean? “Sprachbund” is a group of languages that have become similar way because of geographical proximity and language contact. Dialects - A regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language of a particular group.

What does it mean? Isogloss is the geographical boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of the word, or use of some syntactic feature.

What does it mean? Convergence-coincidence of two or more linguistic entities. Divergence : 1)The phonologization of the variants of a phoneme in connection with the elimination of the positional conditions that initially determined the given variation. 2) The positional change of sounds 3) Linguistic evolution, when certain dialects became isolated and form independent languages

The Object of Areal linguistics is territorial distribution of languages and linguistic phenomena.

The Subject of Modern Areal linguistics are general linguistic problems: Giving areal characteristic features of the interacting languages and dialects of certain region; Finding regularities of language contacts Development of areal typology principles, setting a theory of language interaction (theory of sprachbund) Defining the role of substrates in the area of contacts The study of language interference in geographically contiguous languages Development of ethno-linguistic and socio-linguistic typology for geographically contiguous languages.

The main aim of areal linguistics Its main Aim - to determine the area of language (or dialect) within the boarders of its linguistic features.

The main research Methods are linguageographical method(displaying of linguistic phenomena on the map) or areal (isoglossive) method. The studies identify the regions (areas) the interaction of dialects, languages, and areal communities – “sprachbunds” sharing common structural features.

List of references Internet resource: http: //www. slideshare. net/meruyertonga rbayeva/areal-linguistics

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