ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT GREECE L 6

ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT GREECE L 6

ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE Historical development: 1) Homer period - ХII BCE - 750 BC 2) Archaic period - 750 -480 BC 3) Classic period - 480 -400 BC 4) Intermediate period - (400 -323 BC) 5) Hellenistic period - (323 BC – I c. AD)

ANCIENT GREEK TEMPLES • The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places, since the sacrifices and rituals dedicated to the respective deity took place outside them. • Temples were frequently used to store votive offerings.

TYPES OF THE ANCIENT GREEK TEMPLES

GREEK ORDERS • The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. • The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily • The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands • The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves

PROTO-TYPES OF THE DORIC ORDER (IN WOODEN-AND-ADOBE BUILDINGS)

TEMPLE C OF SELINUNTH

TEMPLE C OF SELINUNTH

TEMPLE OF APOLLO IN PAESTUM

ARTHEMICION OF EFESOS, 550 BC • Classical dipteral • 137 m (450 ft) long by 69 m (225 ft) wide and 18 m (60 ft) high, with more than 127 columns • Cretan architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes • In 356 BC, not long after its completion, the temple was destroyed in a vainglorious act of arson by Herostratus

ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS • Acropolis in Greek means "The high city“ • The Acropolis is also known as the Cecropia, after a mythological half serpent-man Cecrops who is considered the first Athenian King. • With a height of about 70 meters and 300 meters long, it is 150 meters wide. • Complex was planned, and construction begun, under the guidance of the great general and statesman Pericles of Athens • Architects Callicrates, Mnesikles, and Iktinos and the sculptor Phidias • Main temples: Parthenon, Erechtheion, The Temple of Athena Nike

Site plan of the Acropolis at Athens showing the major archaeological remains 1. Parthenon 2. Old Temple of Athena 3. Erechtheum 4. Statue of Athena Promachos 5. Propylaea 6. Temple of Athena Nike 7. Eleusinion 8. Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia or Brauroneion 9. Chalkotheke 10. Pandroseion 11. Arrephorion 12. Altar of Athena 13. Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus 14. Sanctuary of Pandion 15. Odeon of Herodes 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Atticus Stoa of Eumenes Sanctuary of Asclepius or Asclepieion Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus Odeon of Pericles Temenos of Dionysus Eleuthereus Aglaureion

PROPYLAEA • Architect – Mnesicles • 6 columns of Doric order • Height of columns 8, 818, 57 m • Inside of Propylaea – Ionic order and Pynakoteka

PARTHENON, 447 -438 BC • Size of stylobate 30, 89 х69, 54 м • 8 and 17 columns • Columns height – 10, 4 m • Height of entablature – 1/8 of columns

ERECHTHEION, 421 -405 BC • Contained sanctuaries to Athena Polias, Poseidon, and Erehtheus • The eastern portico, hexastyle Ionic, gave access to the shrine of Athena, which was separated by a partition from the western cella • The northern portico, tetrastyle Ionic, stands at a lower level and gives access to the western cella through a fine doorway • The southern portico, known as the Porch of the Caryatids from the six sculptured draped female figures that support its entablature; it forms a gallery or tribune

THE OLYMPIEION AT ATHENS