ARCHITECTURE NATURE There is no natural environment

ARCHITECTURE & NATURE There is no natural environment and built environment. There is only one environment. Dr. Amy Freeman Lee as public member of the board for the Texas Society of Architects

The Primitive Hut Laugier's writings gave support to the view that harmony and grace were principles laid down by nature herself. The rustic hut had been praised by the Roman writer Vitruvius (fl. 46– 30 B. C. ), and for Laugier it was a model for simplicity and the elimination of superfluous embellishment. http: //www. metmuseum. org Essai sur L'architecture (Nouvelle édition, revue, corrigée & augmentée; avec un dictionnaire des termes; et des planches qui en facilitent l'explication): Frontispiece, Paris, 1755 Marc-Antoine Laugier (French, 1711 -1769)

Vernacular ver·nac·u·lar Pronunciation[ver-nak-yuh-ler, a style of architecture exemplifying the commonest techniques, decorative features, and materials of a particular historical period, region, or group of people. http: //dictionary. reference. com

Mesa Verde, 600 -1300 A. D. http: //www. nps. gov/meve/ A subterranean kiva remained 50 degrees Fahrenheit all year round. So for the Ancestral Puebloans, it stayed cool in the summer, and only a small fire was needed to keep it warm in the winter.

Plains Indian Tipi, 1750 -1890 Artist Peter Whyte (Canadian, 1905 -1966) entitled this work: "Inside the Tipi", (1955, oil on masonite). It is a roomy structure in which a fire may be built, and is comfortable in extremes of heat or cold. Wildwood Wisdom, by Ellsworth Jaeger, © 1945, The Macmillan Company, Reprinted 1992 by Shelter Publications, Inc.

Regionalism Architectural Regionalism is the confluence of: landscape, climate, social customs, history, economics, political perspectives, material availability, and traditions

Louisiana Plantation Houses n. Characterized by n. Wide porches and galleries n. Long windows n. Open stairways and halls n. Raised basements n. Steep roofs Magnolia Mound, Baton Rouge, LA, 1790 s

Bay Regional Shingle Style, 1913 Walks and terraces create a transition space between the house and garden and, by providing large sliding glass doors, Maybeck made it easy for the occupants to move from one into the other. . Renaissance design and Beaux-Arts training have produced many superb examples of gardens complementing building forms, but the scale and the sensitivity of Maybeck's design often had a greater affinity with Japanese work which combines natural and constructed environments into one inseparable design. " Bernard Maybeck www. greatbuildings. com

Contemporary Japanese Architecture www. mnac. ro/previous. htm

Texas Regional, 1932 Charles Dilbeck introduced indigenous Texas design and materials to Dallas architecture

Texas Regional, 1939 Arch Swank and O'Neil Ford 3201 Wendover, Dallas You can see references of earlier David Williams and O'Neil Ford homes in the carvings, railings, doors, ceilings and screened-in porches with fireplaces. http: //dougnewby. com/architecture

Texas Regional Haggerty / Hanley Home, Dallas O'Neil Ford, at his best, designed this home with Texas materials, hand carving and the continuation of a folk quality that permeates his homes. http: //dougnewby. com/architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1936 When Wright came to the site he appreciated the powerful sound of the falls, the vitality of the young forest, the dramatic rock ledges and boulders; these were elements to be interwoven with the serenely soaring spaces of his structure. But Wright's insight penetrated more deeply. He understood that people were creatures of nature, hence an architecture which conformed to nature would conform to what was basic in people. www. wrighthouse. com/frank-lloydwright/fallingwater. htm l Fallingwater

Taliesin West, 1937 -1959 Organic Unit “Thus environment and building are one: …Site, structure, furnishing – decoration too, planting as well – all these become as one in organic architecture…all are elements of this synthesis of features of habitation and harmonious with environment. ” Wright, Frank Lloyd. (1957). “A Testament”. New York, Bramhall House.

Broadacre City Frank Lloyd Wright http: //pruned. blogspot. com/2006_02_01_archive. html

Villa Savoye, 1929 -1931 Le Corbusier “…a new evaluation of the dwelling-place and nature” Cresti, Carlo. (1970). “le corbusier”. New York, Hamlyn.

www. bidoun. com/issues/issue_6/05_all. html Plan Obus for Algiers, 1933 Le Corbusier www. Bidoun. com/issues/issue_6/05_all. html

Larkin Building, 1903 Frank Lloyd Wright www. columbia. edu/cu/gsapp/BT/EEI/INTRO/intro. html

Larkin Building plans, 1903 www. columbia. edu/cu/gsapp/BT/EEI/INTRO/intro. html

Merchandise Mart, 1928 Hermetically Sealed Building, Architect Ernest Graham

Merchandise Mart plan, 1928

International Style Mies van der Rohe Lake Shore Drive, 1951 Mies van der Rohe and Phillip Johnson Seagram Building, 1958 Concise. britannica. com/ebc

Richard Meier, 1991 -1996 In Meier's view Man will never succeed in equaling nature, and so should not seek to imitate it. Rather the contrast between nature and architecture actually enables us to experience nature with more intensity. http: //www. arcspace. com/architects/meier/ meier_nai/ Rachofsky House II, Dallas www. artsjournal. com

Postmodernism Vanna Venturi House, 1961 Robert Venturi, Pritzker Prize Image AT&T Headquarter, 1984 Phillip Johnson Fred and Ginger, 1996, Prague Vlado Milunic and Frank Gehry

ECO-TECH Kimble Art Museum, 1966 -1972 Louis Kahn

Emilio Ambasz Lucile Halsell Conservatory, 1988, San Antonio ACROS Building, 1995, Fukuoka, Japan “GREEN OVER GREY”

Ken Yeang Menara Mesiniaga/IBM Tower, Kuala Lumpur (1992) The IBM Tower in Kuala Lumpur was the first modern green skyscraper—although its architect, Ken Yeang, prefers to call it a "bioclimactic" building, because of the way its natural ventilation strategies make the building feel as if it were breathing. …But unlike the sophisticated technical engineering of later green skyscrapers, most of its strategies are passive—such as a spiraling atrium that accommodates "vertical landscaping, " improving indoor air quality and aiding natural ventilation, and external louvers that reduce solar heat gain.

Ken Yeang Courtesy of Property Times, NST 10 Normally agricultural land is in the rural areas and given the term as center food production. Land allocations for building and industry are in urban areas and logically they are centers of food consumption. It is proposed not to have any land alienation but population live in one big city known as the urban agropolis. Since the influx of rural-urban migration is difficult to overcome, planning laws might as well absorb the agriculture aspect as part and parcel of an urban design. Courtesy of Ken Yeang

Norman Foster Berlin Philology Library, 2005 …the double layered dome shelters a concrete structural core and together these features heat and cool the space using solar- driven convection currents. According to Senior partner Stefan Behling–Foster’s resident expert in sustainability and energy conservation — 60 percent of the year the library is ventilated by simply opening panels in the dome membranes or using controlled fresh air drawn from below. www. inhabitat. com

Norman Foster London’s Gherkin Tower, … has recently begun testing an innovative vegetated facade panel which promises to change the face of building design forever. This new “Green wall” product, known as the Core Hydraulic Integrated Arboury panel, promises to bring the benefits of green roofs to any exterior surface of skyscraper. Gherkin Building www. inhabitat. com

Norman Foster + Partners is at it again with their design for Masdar in Abu Dhabi, the world’s first zero-carbon and zero-waste city. The new 6 million square meter walled sustainable development … was driven by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company and will contain their new Headquarters along with a new university devoted to new ideas for energy production. Additional planning incorporates a variety of special economic zones and a center for innovation.

Jean Nouvel Monde Arabe, 1987, Paris

Jean Nouvel Musee du Quai Branly 2004, Paris

Thomas Herzog Exhibition Hall , 1996 Hanover, Germany “Natural thermal movement is exploited, cutting the cost of mechanical ventilation by half. ” Siessor, Catherine. (1997). Eco-Tech: Sustainable Architecture and High Technology. London: Thames and Hudson.

Renzo Piano Building Workshop Cite Internationale, 1995 Lyons, France Outside layer of glazing blocks wind and rain, allows inner windows to open. Siessor, Catherine. (1997). Eco-Tech: Sustainable Architecture and High Technology. London: Thames and Hudson.

Renzo Piano Building Workshop UNESCO Laboratory and Workshop, 1991 “…acts as a test bed for prototypes of energysaving construction…it stands as suitable testimony to a gentle accommodation between technology and nature. “Siessor, Catherine. (1997). Eco -Tech: Sustainable Architecture and High Technology. London: Thames and Hudson.