ARC-344 FINAL PROJECT Human Adaptation to the Built

ARC-344 FINAL PROJECT Human Adaptation to the Built Environment Z. Talha BASTEM METU NCC

OUTLINE • Introduction • Adaptation • Built Environment • Build environment circle • • Thermal comfort Thermal adaptation Adaptation to indoor climate Adaptation to indoor air pollution Noise pollution Clothing Human Adaptation to Climate change • Conclusion • References 2

Introduction • The reason for choosing this topic is to understand the some factors that have effect on built environment and how people can adapt to these factors. • This research topic is about some factors in built environment and people should adapt this environment in order to survive. 3

Adaptation • Definitions: 1. ‘‘ Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment. ’’ (http: //dictionary. reference. com/browse/adaptation) 2. ‘‘ The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment ’’ (http: //www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Adaptation) • 4

BUILT ENVIROMENT Definition: ‘‘ It is everything humanly created, modified, or constructed, humanly made, arranged, or maintained. ’’ (Bartuska & Young, 1994) human needs, thoughts, and actions is the creativity function that occur built environment. Examples: water supply or energy networks , gardens, plazas. . . 5 http: //www. chalmers. se/en/areas-of-advance/builtenvironment/Documents/Bild%20 glob%20 Built%20 Environment. jpg

Built Enviroment circle http: //www. publichealth. ie/sites/default/files/built%20 environment%20 diagram. gif 6

Thermal Comfort • According To ASHRAE-55(as cited in Tiwari et al(2010), thermal comfort is pleasure of human to his/her thermal environment. • American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers is the society that gives standards for thermal comfort. • http: //www. cbe. berkeley. edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort. htm http: //www. ashrae. org/ 7 http: //www. ashrae. org/Image%20 Library/img. Lib/20060907_mainlogo_100 white. gif

1. Thermal Adaptation It is a adaptation that people can adapt when they born or have mutation to catch thermal Adaptation which is thermal comfort http: //www. austin-green-home. com/wp-content/uploads/thermal-bridge. gif • For example, the body-mass/body-surface ratio declines with heat of climate (Schreider, 1951 as cited in Newman) and frequently, appears to be articulated by small body size in tropical forest peoples and by more linear body builds in lowlatitude desert and savanna person(Newman, n. d). That means we can see small and linear body size in people living in tropical forest and desert areas where there is higher temperatures. 8

2. Adaptation to Indoor Climate According to the (Tiwari et al, 2010) adaptation to indoor climate can be expressed in three modes. 1. Adjustment: behavioral and Technological changes 2. Habituation: psychological Adaptation i. e. changing Expectations 3. Acclimatization: Long term Physiological adaptation to Climate. Opening the window. Turning on the heater. Assuming it is hot when it is cold Genetic adaptation 9

3. Adaptation to indoor air Indoor air pollution is related to the quality of air in the interiors. During the conference, not enough equipment to refresh the air, people that involve conference cannot realize that the air density is getting higher. However; if one person enter the conference room, he can probably predict that the air quality in that conference room is too low http: //www. umkc. edu/accf/images/rooms-image-small. jpg 10

4. Noise Adaptation Noise pollution is the result of excessive and annoying sounds that occur from built environment elements such as transportation, construction, water supply; it can be harmful to physical and psychological health of human at high frequencies. For Example, in highways, there a lot of cars that make noise. If there is one car on the road noise pollution can be adapted easily. But if there is more than one car and if there is also trucks on the highways the noise that they create cannot be adapted easily. Noise adaptation can change by age or gender. It can also be different for people who come from different 11 countries, such as cities and villages (Wohlwill, 1974). http: //uppergreenside. org/blog/2006/07/13/noise-pollution-trash-manhattans-biggest-qolproblems/

5. Clothing • People choose their clothes to adapt to the temperature of the indoor or outdoor environments. • For example in winter, we wear coats to keep us warm in outside. ‘‘ Thermal and mass transfer properties of clothing affect sensible and latent energy exchanges between the body and its immediate environment, impacting the body's heat-balance, its http: //eu. fotolia. com/id/32986252 thermophysiological response, and, ultimately, conscious thermal discomfort. ’’ (Morgan et al, 2002) 12

http: //science. hq. nasa. gov/kids/imagers/ems/visible. html Color waves have different both physical and chemical characteristic for each wave. It is called visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, we need to wear black sweatshirt in winter since black can absorb the sun light rays and keep us warm. However, in the summer time, wearing white t-shirts can deflect the sun light therefore keeping us cool. Also painting the house according to color waves is beneficial for adaptation. 13

Examples http: //www. apartmenttherapy. com/sf/painting-fixingrepair/black-painted-house-love-it-or-leave-it-125885 http: //dornob. com/minimalist-design-open-air-white-home-without-windows/? ref=search 14

6. Adaptation to Climate Change What is climate change (basic) What is climate change (scientific) Can we adapt to climate change 15

Conclusion As a summary, built enviroment is built because of human needs and it can affect human health, human psychology. it is important to adapt built enviroment’s sections in order to survive. http: //www. bris. ac. uk/brite/images/built-environment. jpg http: //www. co. sanmateo. ca. us/vgn/images/portal/cit_611/29/50/12499129 34 built_environment_logo. jpg 16

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References Bartuska, T. J. , & Young, , . G. (1994). The Built Environment Definition and Scope in The Built Environment: A Creative Inquiry into Design and Planning part 1 chapter 1. Retrived from http: //media. wiley. com/product_data/excerpt/24/0470007524. pdf Morgan, C. , Dear, R. d. , & Brager, G. (2002). Fraunhofer IRB. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from Fraunhofer IRB web site: http: //www. irbdirekt. de/daten/iconda/CIB 7766. pdf Newman, M. T. (2010) Biological Adaptation Of Man To His Environment: Heat, Cold, Altitude, And Nutrition. In M. T. Newman, Newman: Adaptation of Man to Environment (pp. 616 -631). New York: Annals New York Academy of Sciences. Retrived from http: //onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1749 -6632. 1961. tb 31093. x/abstract Tiwari, R. , Pandey, M. , & Sharma, A. (2010, march 17). Sci. RP. Retrieved november 2011, 30 from http: //www. Sci. RP. com/: http: //www. Sci. RP. org/journal/epe Wohlwill, J. F. (1974). Human Adaptation to Levels of Environmental Stimulation. Human Ecology, Vo. L 2, No. 2 , 127 -147. Retrieved from http: //www. springerlink. com/content/l 98855213557633 q/ Google images Youtube videos 18