Arabic Baptist Church Boston The Bible is the

Arabic Baptist Church Boston The Bible is the True Word of God ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ Part II November 2, 2014 1

Our Verses (2 Ti 3: 16, 17) • All Scripture is Godbreathed, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, • That the man of God may be perfected, thoroughly furnished to every good work. ● ، ﺍﺍ ﻭﺣ ﺍﻟﻠ، ﺍ ﻟ ﻳ ﺍﻟ ﻳ ، ﻟ ﻳ ﺍﻱ ﻱ ﺍ ● . ﻭ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺍﻻ، ﺑ ﺍ 2

The Inspiration of the Bible 2 Pe 1: 21 “For prophecy was not » ﻷ ﻳ ﺍ، ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﻳﻭ ﻭﻳ borne at any time by the «. ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﺍ will of man, but holy men of God spoke being borne along by the Holy Spirit” Mirror, Seed, Water, Lamp, Sword, Precious Metal (Gold, Silver), Nourishing Food (Milk, meat, bread, honey), A hammer, Fire 3

The Word of God ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ • Revelation: From God to man (man hears that which God wants written). ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻰ • Inspiration: From man to paper (man writes that which God wants written). ﻣﻮﺣﻰ ﺑﻪﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ • Illumination: From paper to heart (man receives the light of that which God has written) ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ 4

Jesus Christ is the Center of the Bible The Law 5 History Poetry Prophets Gospels Acts + Revelati Letters ons 12 5 5 + 12 Promise Waiting for Christ of Christ Examples, Testimonies, Prophesies 4 Christ born, lived, died, rose again 22 1 Christ’s Crowning Church of Christ 5

What the United States Presidents Said about the Bible • George Washington (First): “It is impossible to rightly govern the world without the Bible. ” • Thomas Jefferson (Third): “The Bible makes the best people in the world. ” • Dwight D. Eisenhower (Thirty-fourth): “In the highest sense the Bible is to us the unique repository of eternal spiritual truths. ” 6

The Bible is the True Word of God • The Bible is unique in its unity and subject • The Bible is unique for its stand against attacks • The Bible is unique in its power and authority 7

The Authenticity of the Bible 1. Was the Word of God changed or corrupted? ﻫﻞ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ؟ 2. Archaeology Confirms the Bible ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ 3. Fulfillment of the Bible Prophesies ﻧﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﺖ 4. The Determination & Finalization of the Canon 5. The Major Bible Autographs, Manuscripts, 8 and Translations

1. The authenticity of the Holy Scriptures ● ● God, the Author protected it from corruption The Bible said: – Matthew 5: 18, “Not one word will pass away” – ﻱ ﺍ ﻭ : ﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﻷ ﻻ ﻭ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻭ ﻯ ﻭ ﺍ – 1 Peter 1: 24 -25/ Isaiah 40: 8 – “The word of the Lord abides forever” – . ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻯ ﺍﻷ. ﺍ ﺍﻱ ﺍ – ﺍ ﺍﻟ. ﺍ ﺍ ﻯ ﺍﻷ

ﻫﻞ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ؟ ﻣﺘﻰ؟ ﻭﻣﻦ؟ ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟ ﻭﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ؟ • When, who, what parts and why it was corrupted · ﻣﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ؟ ? • When · ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ؟ • Who corrupted it (Jews ? ) or Christians • How it was before · ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ? corrupting ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺮﻩ؟ · ﻭﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ؟ • Why did they corrupt it 01

ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﻰ Sources of the Original Manuscripts of the Bible The Early Fathers Writings (Exist) Canonized Manuscripts (Exist) Original Manuscripts (Do not Exist) Old Transcripts (Exist) Old Translations 11 (Exist)

Sources of Old Writings ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ Author Book Date Written Earliest Copies Time Gap Yrs. # of Copies Homer Iliad 800 B. C. c. 400. Herodotus History 480 -425 B. C. c. A. D. 900 c. 1, 350. Thucydides History 460 -400 B. C. c. A. D. 900 c. 1, 300 Plato Demosthenes 400 B. C. c. A. D. 900 c. 1, 300 B. C. c. A. D. 1100 c. 1, 400. Caesar 100 -44 B. C. c. A. D. 900 Tacitus Gallic Wars Annals 643 8 8 7 200 10 A. D. 100 c. A. D. 1100 c. 1, 000 Pliny Secundus Natural History A. D. 61 -113 c. A. D. 850 c. 1, 000. c. 750. 20 7 12

Sources of Old Writings ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ Author Book Homer Iliad New Testament Date Written Earliest Copies Time Gap # of Copies 800 B. C. A. D. 50100 c. 400 B. C. c. A. D. 114 (portions) c. A. D. 200 (books) c. A. D. 325 (complete N. T. ) c. 400 yrs. 643 c. +50 yrs. 5366 c. 100 yrs. c. 225 yrs. 13

ﺃﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ 41

2. Archaeology Confirms the Bible ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ • The Cyrus Cylinder, discovered in 1879, records Cyrus' overthrow of Babylon and his subsequent deliverance of the Jewish captives. 15

Archaeology Confirms the Bible ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ • The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 in Egypt by Napoleon's scientists, was written in three languages: hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek. It unlocked the mystery of the hieroglyphics which have helped confirm the authenticity of the Bible. • The Moabite Stone discovered in 1868 at Dibon, Jordan, confirmed Moabite attacks on Israel as recorded in 2 Kings 1 and 3. 16

Archaeology Confirms the Bible ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ • The Lachish Letters, discovered in 1932 -1938, 24 miles north of Beersheba, described the attack of Nebuchadnezzar on Jerusalem in 586 BC. • Archeological Excavations The Bible's authenticity is also evidenced by archeological excavations that prove the existence of names of people and cities found in the Bible. The discovery of the city of Petra, for example, helped confirm the authenticity of the Bible's record. 17

3. Fulfillment of the Bible Prophesies ﻧﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﺖ • OT Prophesies concerning Christ (333) – Jesus' birthplace Bethlehem (Micah 5: 2) – Jesus death on the cross Ps. 22, Is 53, …etc • Noah’s blessings to his three sons • The Jews (Deuteronomy 28, Daniel 9, Ezekiel 36, 37, Matthew 23, 24) 18

3. Prophesies Fulfilled – ﻧﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﺖ • Many of the Bible's prophecies have already come true. – Prophecies concerning Babylon (Isaiah 13: 19 -22), – Tyre (Ezekiel 26: 3 -5), – Sidon (Ezekiel 28: 21 -23), – Cyrus (Ezra 4: 3; 5: 13 -14; Isaiah 44: 28; 45: 1), – Medo Persia (Daniel 8: 20 -21), 19 – Greece (Daniel 8: 20 -21),

4. The Determination of the Canon The tests given to the biblical books: 1. Authorship — who wrote the book or the epistle? 2. Local church acceptance — had it been read by the various churches? What was their opinion? 20

4. The Determination of the Canon The tests given to the biblical books: 3. Church fathers’ recognition — had the pupils of the disciples quoted from the book? As an example, “What did Polycarp, the disciple of John the Apostle think of it? ” 4. Book subject matter (content) —what did the book teach? Did it contradict other recognized books? 5. Personal edification — did the book have the ability to inspire, convict, and edify local congregations and individual believers? 21

The Finalization of the Canon. The Old Testament: • By the year 300 b. c. (at the latest) all Old Testament books had been written, collected, revered, and recognized as official, canonical books. • Many believe Ezra the prophet led the first recognition council. 22

The Finalization of the Canon. The New Testament: • During the Third Council of Carthage, held in A. D. 397, the twenty-seven New Testament books were declared to be canonical. • It absolutely must be understood that the Bible is not an authorized collection of books, but rather a collection of authorized books. • In other words, the twenty-seven New Testament books were not inspired because the Carthage Council proclaimed them to be, but rather the Council proclaimed them to be such because they were already inspired. 23

5. OT & NT Originals • Autographs: The autographs contain the original text, but the original text can exist without them. • Manuscripts: A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. • Translations: to common languages from its earlier forms, the Greek and Hebrew manuscripts 24

Bible Autographs Old Testament No OT Autographs 1450 -1500 BC Gen. – Deut. By Moses in Hebrew 555 -545 BC Daniel in Aramaic. 425 BC Malachi in Hebrew 400 BC Ezra (4: 8 -6: 18, 7: 12 -26) in Aramaic New Testament 45 -95 AD the NT in Greek 45 -63 AD Pauline Epistles, Gospels of Mark, Luke and Acts @95 AD Gospel of John, Revelations 25

Bible Manuscripts Old Testament The Dead Sea Scrolls 200 BC-70 AD (Isaiah, portions of all OT books except Esther (1947) Geniza Fragments 400 BC portions of OT in Hebrew & Aramaic. In Cairo synagogue in 1947 New Testament Over 5600 Greek Manuscripts of NT. Oldest written on papyrus and later ones called parchment -125 AD called “p 52” copied 35 yrs from originals and contain portion of John 18 -200 AD Bodmer “p 66” and contain most of John -200 AD Chester Beatty biblical Papyrus “p 46” contain Pauline 26 Epistles & Hebrews

Bible Manuscripts Old Testament Ben Asher Manuscripts 700 -950 AD -Aleppo Codex all OT -Codex Leningradensis all OT in Hebrew copied by the Ben Asher family in AD 1008 -350 AD Codex Sinaiticus contains entire NT in Greek. Found in 1856 at St. Catherine monastery New Testament -225 AD Bodmer Papyrus contains Luke & John -250 -300 AD Chester Beatty Biblical papyrus “p 45” contains the four Gospels & Acts 350 AD Codex Vaticanus. Almost complete NT. In the Vatican library since 1475 27

Bible Translations Old Testament 400 BC the Aramaic Targums – from Hebrew into Aramaic for the people returning from Babylon captivity New Testament -180 AD: NT from Greek to Latin, Syriac, Coptic -195 AD: “Old Latin” Both OT & NT translated from Greek into Latin. Parts were found by “Tertullian in North Africa (160 -220 AD) 250 BC the Septuagint -300 AD. The Old Syriac. (LXX) Hebrew into Greek. From Greek to Syriac Was used by early church -300 AD. The Coptic Versions: 4 dialects in Egypt 28

Bible Translations Old Testament Chester Beaty Papyri: 9 OT books in Greek 100400 AD New Testament -380 AD: “The Latin Vulgate” OT from Hebrew to Latin & NT from Greek to Latin. Translated by St. Jerome. Codex Vaticanus: almost It continues to be the all OT in Greek dated Roman Catholic @350 AD authoritative translation to date. Codex Sinaiticus: almost 1380 AD: First English all OT in Greek dated translation by John Wycliffe @350 AD from the “Latin Vulgate” 29

Why The Bible ● ● ● Mar 12: 24 And answering Jesus said to them, Do you not err because of this, not knowing Scriptures, nor the power of God? ﺍ ﻭ: » ﺍ ﻭ ﻻ ﻭ ﺍ ﻻ ﺍﻟ؟ Rom 10: 17 Then faith is of hearing, and hearing by the Word of God. . ﺫ ﺍﻹﻳﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ Psa 119: 9 With what shall a young man cleanse his way? By taking heed according to Your Word. . ﻱ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﻳ؟ ﺍ ﻻ 30

In Conclusion ● ● ● The Bible gives the solution to the problem of sin Job 25: 4 How then can man be justified with God? Or how can one who is born of a woman be clean? ﺍﻹﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ ﻭ ﻭ ﺍ؟ Psa 85: 10 Mercy and truth have met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other. 31. ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﺍ. ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻻ ﻻﺍ

The Solution • Rom 3: 24, 25 “being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; whom God has set forth to be a propitiation through faith in His blood” ﻳ ﺍﻧ ﺍﺍ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻳ . ﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺍ ﺍﻹﻳﺍ ﻹﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻠ 32

To-Do-List ● ● ● ● Read, and listen to words of the Bible Study, understand, and memorize the Bible Have your devotions and pray the Word Pray the Words of the Bible Expect results and answers to your prayers Isa 55: 11 “so shall My Word be, which goes out of My mouth; it shall not return to Me void, but it shall accomplish what I please, and it shall certainly do what I sent it to do” 33. ﺍ ﻭ ﻱ ﺍﻱ ﻱ. ﻻ ﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺍ ﺍ