Arab Islamic Phylosophy
Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies on the Quran. It is the continuous search for Hikma (Arabic: , ﺣﻜﻤﺔ meaning wisdom, in the light of the Islamic view of life, the universe, ethics, society, and so on. Islamic philosophy, understood as a "project of independent philosophical inquiry" began in Baghdad in the middle of the eighth century.
Introduction Islamic philosophy refers to philosophy produced in an Islamic society. It is not necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor exclusively produced by Muslims.
Early Islamic philosophy In early Islamic thought, which refers to philosophy during the "Islamic Golden Age", traditionally dated between the 8 th and 12 th centuries, two main currents may be distinguished. The first is Kalam, that mainly dealt with Islamic theological questions, and the other is Falsafa, that was founded on interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism.
Kalam Kalām (Arabic: ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ is the philosophy that seeks Islamic theological principles through dialectic. In Arabic the word literally means "speech". One of first debates was that between partisan of the Qadar (Arabic: qadara to have power), who affirmed free will, and the Jabarites (jabar, force, constraint), who believed in fatalism.
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