AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 13 CLASS NOTES Religions

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 13 CLASS NOTES Religions, Cultures, and Conflicts

l INTER-faith Boundaries (Conflicts)– l Between (across) 2 major faiths l Middle East (Israel) l (Christian l Sudan / Muslim / Jewish) (C v. M) l India / Pakistan (Hindu v. Muslim) l Former Yugoslavia (C v. M) l Sri Lanka (Buddhists v. Hindu)

n INTRAfaith Boundaries (Conflicts)– n Religious divisions within a single faith, within 1 country / region n Iraq (Iran) – Sunni v. Shia Muslims n N. Ireland – Catholic minority v. Protestant majority n USA – Mormons out West, Baptists in the South, Catholics in NE

Iran – Iraq War (1980 -1988)

Israel / Palestine Conflict

Religious Fundamentalism n A return to the basics of n Not Extremism / Radicalism n Usually the faith born out of… n Frustration / Marginlization – break down of society – Failures of gov’t / people – Incompatibility

Why Fundamentalism Growth? • Remember Enclave and Exclave terms

Christian Fundamentalism (some issues) § Birth-control § Abortion § Women’s Roles § Homosexuality § Creationism § Afterlife

n n n Islamic Fundamentalism Ayatollah – A supreme religious leader (Shia) Jihad – “Sacred Struggle” to live up to Koran standards (inner-spiritual duty) Media = a “holy war”

n n n n Fundamentalism of any type might give rise to: ( + / -) Religious revival (USA Great Awakening) Mission Work Stronger faith / unity among population Gov’t changes (leaders, party, capital) Population purges State fragmentation (civil war) Acts of violence (terrorism)