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Animation n Animated GIF n Javascript n Java n Vector animation: Flash, SVG n Animation n Animated GIF n Javascript n Java n Vector animation: Flash, SVG n Shockwave n 3 D

Raster vs Vector n Vector: items drawn with lines n Smooth n Scaled very Raster vs Vector n Vector: items drawn with lines n Smooth n Scaled very well n Cannot be filled with multiple colors n Raster: pixel based n 3 D shading

Raster vs. Vector Raster Raster vs. Vector Raster

Raster vs. Vector Raster vs. Vector

Informing the User n Provide information to user n Inform of potential load/play times Informing the User n Provide information to user n Inform of potential load/play times n Required plugins

Multimedia Information Multimedia Information

3 D for the Web n Use of 3 D very limited (still) n 3 D for the Web n Use of 3 D very limited (still) n Commonly used for product views n Very computational intensive n VRML n Shockwave

Web 3 D Formats Web 3 D Formats

Controls Controls

3 D and Performance 3 D files require: n Large amounts of memory n 3 D and Performance 3 D files require: n Large amounts of memory n Large amounts of bandwidth

Level of Detail Level of Detail

Successive Refinement Successive Refinement

Mpeg-4 n Future standard: Combines: n Audio n Video n Vector Graphics n 3 Mpeg-4 n Future standard: Combines: n Audio n Video n Vector Graphics n 3 D Graphics

MPEG-4 MPEG-4

Human Representation n Means to represent virtual humans n Called avatars n Used to Human Representation n Means to represent virtual humans n Called avatars n Used to interact with user Typically used in online games representing: n Other users n Non-player charactures

HANIM HANIM

Poser Poser

Accessibility n Web should be usable by everyone This includes users with: n Vision Accessibility n Web should be usable by everyone This includes users with: n Vision impairments n Hearing impairments n Mobility impairments

Statistics n 8 million people with visual impairments n 20 million deaf or hard-of Statistics n 8 million people with visual impairments n 20 million deaf or hard-of hearing n 250, 000 with spinal cord injuries n 500, 000 with cerebral palsy n 330, 000 with MS n More that half US population over 65 has some type of impairment

Issues involving Vision n Web very visually oriented n Significant challenges n Severity ranges Issues involving Vision n Web very visually oriented n Significant challenges n Severity ranges from total blindness to low vision n Color blindness n Visual Stimuli

Information Delivery n Information display on traditional monitor not available to users with visual Information Delivery n Information display on traditional monitor not available to users with visual impairments Two assistive technologies: n Screen Readers n Refreshable Braille displays

Screen readers Reads text component of web screen Includes: n Links n Menus n Screen readers Reads text component of web screen Includes: n Links n Menus n Dialog Boxes n Error Messages

Screen Readers n Several vendors offer screen readers n Prices range from $300 to Screen Readers n Several vendors offer screen readers n Prices range from $300 to $1000 n Page must be reformatted to support screen readers n HTML “lang” attribute controls language page will be read in

Refreshable Braille Display n For people who are deaf as well as blind screen Refreshable Braille Display n For people who are deaf as well as blind screen readers do not work. n Translates text of page into Braille n Single line of Braille text n Prices range from $4500 to $14, 500

Grade II Braille Grade II Braille

Refreshable Braille Display Refreshable Braille Display

Reformatting Text n For screen readers to work text of page must be formatted Reformatting Text n For screen readers to work text of page must be formatted to support linear delivery n Tabular data n Label for Elements n Skip navigation n Alt Tags for images

Tabular Data Tabular Data

Course Course Markup Strategy for Tables

Course Time Day Prerequisiste Instructor
211 11: 30 pm -1: 00 pm MW None Mc. Donald
211 10: 30 am - 12: 00 pm TR None Luecking
212 5: 45 pm   - 9: 00 pm M 211 Carter
212 11: 30 pm   - 1: 00 pm TR 211 Chan

Billing Information

Billing Information

Label Elements of Forms

Billing Information

Skip Navigation Skip Navigation

Normal Page Normal Page

Alt Tags (None) Alt Tags (None)

Alt Tags (Descriptive) Alt Tags (Descriptive)

Other Vision Issues n Screen Magnifiers n Color Blindness: – 8% male population – Other Vision Issues n Screen Magnifiers n Color Blindness: – 8% male population – 0. 5% Female population – Most common red/green n Photo Sensitive Epilepsy

Color Blindness This is an Ishihara plate commonly used to check for red/green color Color Blindness This is an Ishihara plate commonly used to check for red/green color blindness

Color Blindness This is what a red/green color-blind person might see. Note that the Color Blindness This is what a red/green color-blind person might see. Note that the digit (3) is practically invisible.

Mobility Impairments n Conditions with affect use of keyboard and mouse n Might be Mobility Impairments n Conditions with affect use of keyboard and mouse n Might be difficult, Might be impossible n Predictive typing n Speech recognition n Alternative input technology

Hearing Impairments Few more issues: n Captioned media n Open or Closed captioning n Hearing Impairments Few more issues: n Captioned media n Open or Closed captioning n American Sign Language

Web Accessibility Initiative n Promote usability for people with disabilities n Goal of Universal Web Accessibility Initiative n Promote usability for people with disabilities n Goal of Universal Access n Set of guidelines which address 2 themes: – Graceful Translation – Make content understandable and navigable

Web Accessibility Initiative Guidelines Web Accessibility Initiative Guidelines

Globalization n Web is growing all over world n Number of Non English speaking Globalization n Web is growing all over world n Number of Non English speaking users rapidly increasing n Usability issues involve use of language and culture n This processes is called globalization

Global User Population Global User Population

Internationalization n Internationalization single design used world wide n Simpler text n Unambiguous display Internationalization n Internationalization single design used world wide n Simpler text n Unambiguous display of number, currency, dates, and times n Isolate and remove culturally specific language

Localization n Added cultural context n Translation of web page into local language n Localization n Added cultural context n Translation of web page into local language n Relevant content

Text and Translation n Translation: human or automatic? n Attention to writing style n Text and Translation n Translation: human or automatic? n Attention to writing style n Expression of dates, times n Express currency in local terms n Label units of measurements

Languages Can Expand Labels Languages Can Expand Labels

Page Layout n Unicode for character support n Color issues n Icon issues (including Page Layout n Unicode for character support n Color issues n Icon issues (including flags) n Text Alignment (left vs. right)

International User Testing n International and local sites need user testing n More involved International User Testing n International and local sites need user testing n More involved than traditional n Test success of translation n International Inspection as alternative n Difficulties dues to language gap

Personalization n Strategy for gaining competitive advantage n Added service for a user n Personalization n Strategy for gaining competitive advantage n Added service for a user n Speeds task completion (I-Click) n Can require login n Cookies n Dynamic

Privacy Concerns n No right to privacy in US n Privacy Contracts n Request Privacy Concerns n No right to privacy in US n Privacy Contracts n Request of personal information cause users to leave site n Highly related to trust

Trust Many factors affect trust: n Context n Perceived Similarity n Standing in organization Trust Many factors affect trust: n Context n Perceived Similarity n Standing in organization n Behavior n Certification n References

Fostering Trust n Help establish credibility n Security Statement n Safe display of personal Fostering Trust n Help establish credibility n Security Statement n Safe display of personal information n Use of secure servers n Confirmation of all costs n Confirmation of shipping address

Controlling Privacy n No standard for enforcing privacy in place n P 3 P Controlling Privacy n No standard for enforcing privacy in place n P 3 P standard developed n Enforces and exposes site’s privacy policy n Tools to inform users of compliance with their selected privacy policy

Trust (P 3 P) Trust (P 3 P)

Trust (P 3 P) Trust (P 3 P)

Privacy Bird Privacy Bird

Privacy Bird Shows Embedded Content Privacy Bird Shows Embedded Content

Privacy Bird Privacy Bird