ANDREW JACKSON AND THE RISE OF THE COMMON

ANDREW JACKSON AND THE RISE OF THE COMMON MAN http: //www. senate. gov/artandhistory/art/resources/graphic/xlarge/32_00018. jpg

“King Andrew” Political Cartoon Study the cartoon. What images are evident at first glance? What symbolic gestures are drawn into the cartoon? www. archives. gov

Washington Madison Adams Monroe Jefferson JQ Adams www. americanpresidents. org

Preview Questions • How will Andrew Jackson compare to the first six U. S. Presidents? • How is the nation changing in the late 1820 s and 1830 s in terms of politics and sectionalism? • What will be the consequences of Jackson’s “getting his way” in politics for the nation and the role of future presidents?

A HARD LIFE FOR A YOUNG BOY • Born 1767 in South Carolina, father died before birth • Older brother died in American Revolution • Jackson and brother Robert taken prisoner by British during war. Andrew was ordered to clean an officer’s boots. He refused & was struck by his sword. • Mother has them released – both had smallpox. Robert and mother died shortly after. • By age 14, Andrew was an orphan. https: //www. inspire 4 less. com/

Early Career and Marriage • Andrew studied to become a lawyer, and bought an estate, the Hermitage in Tennessee. • He would struggle with debt often. • He met Rachel Donelson and they married, but she, apparently, was still unknowingly married to her first husband. They re-married in 1794. • Later their marriage would be a subject of scandal for the press and politicians. www. library. thinkquest. org

Jackson’s Career Begins • Elected to U. S. Congress from TN then the Senate, but resigned. • In War of 1812, became Major General of TN Militia – earned nickname, “Old Hickory” • Defeated Creek Indians at Battle of Horseshoe Bend in AL in 1814 – Creeks cede 9 mil. acres • Became hero after Battle of New Orleans in 1815. • Led U. S. troops into Spanish Florida (controversial because exceeded authorization) and became Territorial Governor of FL in 1821. www. reformation. org

Jackson Video – Personality and Legacy 3 minutes and 38 seconds History. com: Andrew Jackson. Personality and Legacy http: //www. history. com/topics/andrewjackson/videos#jacksons-personality-andlegacy www. americaslibrary. gov

Alabama became a state in 1819. In 1820, the eastern portion of the state was dominated by Creek Indians.

U. S. in 1820 www. learnnc. org

Jackson and the Presidency • Jackson defeated in election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain) to John Quincy Adams • Jackson runs in 1828 on a new Democratic ticket against Adams and wins. www. neatorama. com

Jackson 261 56% Adams 178 44% unitedstatespresidentialelection. blogspot. com

Voting Patterns Between 1800 and 1830 Interactive Map Activity • http: //www. bedfordstmartins. com/history/modules /mod 09/imap. htm

The Common Man as President • Jackson’s popularity led to a crowd of app. 21, 000 at inauguration on March 4, 1829. • Many even followed him back to the White House where a party ensued. * In spite of his popularity, Jackson would remove 900 of 10, 000 federal employees as part of the Spoils System. He wanted to curb corruption. www. historyteacher. net

The Inauguration Party at the White House www. whitehousehistory. org

Key Leaders In Jackson Administration Vice-President John C. Calhoun Secretary of State Martin Van Buren www. senate. gov www. americanhistory. about. com

Controversial Issues Arise • Eaton Affair – Jackson appointed John Eaton to Sec. of War. Eaton’s wife Rachel was ostracized by other wives and Emily Donelson (Jackson’s niece) because of scandalous marriage. Jackson tried to force Cabinet to associate with her – to no avail. Van Buren only member to stand with Pres. • Kitchen Cabinet – Jackson came to rely on an informal group of advisors and Van Buren for advice. www. academicamerican. com

www. xroads. virginia. edu

Jackson and American Indians • Jackson’s base of support in 1828 was the South – he received 8 of 10 votes • In 1820 s more settlers pouring into southern states wanting land • Jackson felt American Indians had two choices: – Become industrious citizens – assimilate-as individuals – Leave and go to area where they could retain their customs • Approximately 46, 000 Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Seminole were removed during the Trail of Tears.

www. alabamamoments. alabama. gov

Indian Land Cessions, 1814 to 1820 www. player. discoveryeducation. com

The Cherokee Nation • In 1827, Cherokees in Georgia declared themselves a sovereign nation with their own constitution. • Georgia declared Cherokee law null and void • GA and other southern states wanted authority to sell Indian lands to settlers

Indian Removal Act of 1830 • Jackson said he could not protect Indian tribes in the Southeast unless they moved west of Mississippi R. • Indian tribes abandoned 100 million acres of land to move to Indian lands (what is now Oklahoma) • The Choctaws were the first to move – but suffered greatly – traveling in winter – many deaths occurred. • Indian agents swindled many Creeks for their land offered far below a fair price.

Video Clip on Indian Removal Act image from: http: //www. pbs. org/indiancountry/history/trail. html History. com Jackson: Cherokees, Tariffs, and Nullification http: //www. history. com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and-nullification

http: //www. nacaschool. org/ajackson/Indian. Removal. Act. Map. jpg

Alabama in 1831 www. alabamamaps. ua. edu

Cherokee Fight for Their Land • Cherokees decide to fight through the court system • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831 – S. C. ruled they could not sue for land because they were not a sovereign nation but dependents of the federal government. • Worcester v. Georgia 1832 – S. C. ruled the Cherokee to be an independent political community and should be able to live in GA • President Jackson and Georgia ignored the ruling. • In 1835, a group of Cherokee signed the Treaty of New Echota – $5 mil. for all lands East of Miss. River

https: //eee. uci. edu/clients/tcthorne/Hist 15/trtears. gif

Trail of Tears • In 1838, app. 15, 000 remaining Cherokee Indians were forcibly removed by the army under General Winfield Scott to Indian Territory. • The journey was treacherousapprox. one in four died along the way. http: //moberly. k 12. mo. us/blogs/pashriver/files/2009/04/trail-of-tears. jpg

Consider the Preview Questions Again: • How will Andrew Jackson compare to the first six U. S. Presidents? • How is the nation changing in the late 1820 s and 1830 s in terms of politics and sectionalism? • What will be the consequences of Jackson’s “getting his way” in politics for the nation and the role of future presidents?