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AND ESPSPECIAL LANGUAGES AND ESPSPECIAL LANGUAGES

REGISTER A variety of language defined according to social use, such as scientific, formal,REGISTER A variety of language defined according to social use, such as scientific, formal, religious, and journalistic. The term was first given broad currency by the British linguist Michael. Halliday who drew a contrast between varieties of language defined according to the characteristics of the user (dialects) and those defined according to the characteristics of the situation (registers).

JARGONS AND ARGOTS • JARGON  is especially defined in relationship to a specificJARGONS AND ARGOTS • JARGON is especially defined in relationship to a specific activity , profession , group , or event. The term covers the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. • The term argot is also used to refer to the informal specialized vocabulary from a particular field of study , hobby , job, sport , etc.

SLANG •  the use of informal words and expressions that are not consideredSLANG • the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker’s language or dialect but are considered acceptable in certain social settings • are words that are widely used in informal speech and writing but are not accepted formal use. They may be new words or old ones used with a new meaning • is a part of every profession , trade, sport, school, and social group • is invented the same way formal language is, its basis is usually metaphor (a word or phrase that ordinarily means one thing but is used for another thing to suggest a likeness between the two)

PROFESSION-/SPORTS-/TRADE-RELATE D SLANG •  ammo •  couch surfing  •  scrubPROFESSION-/SPORTS-/TRADE-RELATE D SLANG • ammo • couch surfing • scrub suit • goalie • shrink • cabbie • rookie • upper/downer military tourism medicine football psychiatry transportation sports pharmacology

WHAT’S SLANG, MAN? WHAT’S SLANG, MAN?

The desire to say old things in a new way leads to slang. SLANGThe desire to say old things in a new way leads to slang. SLANG

TYPES OF ESP ( DAVID CARTER, 1983 ) 1. English as a restricted languageTYPES OF ESP ( DAVID CARTER, 1983 ) 1. English as a restricted language 2. English for Academic and Occupational Purposes (EAP; EOP) 3. English with specific topics

ENGLISH AS A RESTRICTED LANGUAGE  • The language used by hoteliers,  restaurateurs,ENGLISH AS A RESTRICTED LANGUAGE • The language used by hoteliers, restaurateurs, or by waiters are examples of English as a restricted language.

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND OCCUPATIONAL PURPOSES In the 'Tree of ELT' (Hutchinson & Waters,ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND OCCUPATIONAL PURPOSES In the ‘Tree of ELT’ (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987), ESP is broken down into three branches: a) English for Science and Technology (EST) b) English for Business and Economics (EBE) c) English for Social Studies (ESS) Each of these subject areas is further divided into two branches: English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Occupational Purposes (EOP). An example of EOP for the EST branch is ‘English for Technicians’ whereas an example of EAP for the EST branch is ‘English for Medical Studies. ‘

ENGLISH WITH SPECIFIC TOPICS Carter notes that it is only here where emphasis shiftsENGLISH WITH SPECIFIC TOPICS Carter notes that it is only here where emphasis shifts from purpose to topic. This type of ESP is uniquely concerned with anticipated future English needs of, for example, scientists requiring English for postgraduate reading studies, attending conferences or working in foreign institutions