An Introduction to Computer Hardware Nancy B. Clark, MEd USA Family Practice
Objectives 4 Read a computer ad and understand what is important to know about the hardware 4 Discuss computer hardware intelligently 4 Troubleshoot hardware problems 4 Feel comfortable putting a computer together from a box 4 Select a basic computer to fit your needs
Outline 4 The Computer 4 Mice! 4 The Microprocessor 4 Keyboards 4 Memory 4 Printers 4 Disks and Disk Drives 4 Scanners 4 CD-ROMs 4 Ports and Plugs 4 Modems 4 What to Buy 4 Sound Cards 4 Network 4 Cards and Monitors
The Computer 4 Desktops 4 Towers 4 Laptops
Inside the Box 4 Power Supply 4 Motherboard (chips) – Memory RAM – Microprocessor 4 Bays (adding drives) 4 Slots (adding ports or cards)
The Microprocessor 4 XT 8088 4 AT 286 4 386 4 486 4 Pentium Pro with MMX 4 Pentium II 4 Speed – megahertz Million processes per second
Speed - megahertz (MHz) 4 XT 8088 4 12 MHz 4 AT 286 4 16 MHz 4 386 4 40 MHz 4 486 4 100 MHz 4 Pentium 4 200 MHz 4 Pentium Pro MMX 4 200 MHz 4 Pentium II 4 450 MHz
Memory - RAM 4 Temporary SAVE OFTEN 4 Holds running programs 4 Holds documents you are editing 48 M - 1 G (multiples of 8) 4 Clears when computer off 4 Measured in bytes
RAM - Bits and Bytes 4 Bit: 0 or 1 4 Off = 0 4 On = 1
F= Bits to Bytes 1 4 XT 0 1 1 0 8 bits = 1 byte or one character of memory 4 486, Pentiums 32 bits = 1 byte 4 The more bits per byte the faster the computer 0
Bytes 4 Bytes - one character 4 KB Kilobytes - thousand 4 MB Megabytes - million 4 GB Gigabytes - billion 4 TB Terabytes - trillion
Disks and Drives Storage Devices 4 Hard Disk Drives (HDD) 4 Floppy 4 Zip 4 Jaz 4 Tape
Hard Disk Drives 4 Store programs you will run 4 Store files you create 4 EIDE 4 SCSI 4 1. 6 G to 23 G and growing 4 Has a lot to do with speed of computer
Floppy Drives 43. 5” Floppy 1. 4 M - disk $. 33 4 Zip 100 M $119 - disk $10 4 Jaz 1 G $299 - disk $100
Optical Drives 4 CD-ROM 12 X 4 Read/Write Optical Drives 4 DVD Digital Video Disk 4 Software comes on CDs 4 Much faster installation
Cards and Monitors 4 Video Card – Memory 4 M + is good – Resolution - number of pixels and colors • VGA 640 -480 16 color • SVGA 800 -600+ 256 - 16 million colors 4 Monitor (has to match card) – Sizes: 13” 15” 17” 21” Big Screen TV – Dot Pitch - distance between pixels (. 26) (smaller is better)
Sound Cards and Multimedia 4 MM = SC + CD + Speakers 4 FM Synthesis - mimics sounds 4 Wavetable Synthesis - real sounds 4 Soundblaster compatible 4 Microphone input
Video Input Cards 4 Attach Cam. Corder or Cable TV 4 Record Video (Caution: Storage) 4 See-U-See Me 4 MPEG 4 Memory 2 - 4 MB
Modem 4 Connect to Phone Lines 4 Call Internet Provider 4 Chat 4 Send and Receive Fax 4 Answering Machine 4 Speed of essence 4 Early: 2400 Baud (bits per second) 4 33. 6 - 56 Kbps (kilo bits per second)
Keyboards (there is no ANY key) 4 CTRL (CTRL-B) 4 Backspace 4 ALT (ALT-F) 4 Home 4 Shift 4 End 4 Function Keys F 1 4 Page. Up 4 Insert 4 Page. Down 4 Delete 4 Enter (Return) 4 Escape 4 Arrows
The Mouse 4 Click 4 Track Balls 4 Double-click 4 Touch pads 4 Drag 4 Left and right mouse button 4 CURSOR - Arrow on screen that tells where you are
Printers Types (in order of cost) 4 Dot Matrix 4 Ink-jet 4 Laser 4 Thermal Dye Transfer 4 Color? 4 Resolution (DPI Dots Per Inch) – – 100 so-so 300 better 600 excellent 1200 $$$$$$ 4 PPM - Pages Per Minute 4 Toner Costs
Scanners 4 Digitize pictures (graphics) 4 Digitize text 4 Types – Hand – Flatbed – Scanman (insert) 4 Same rules as Printers – Resolution DPI - color
Ports and Plugs 4 Serial 4 Parallel (8 wires) 4 SCSI 4 Males and females 4 The right plug for the right port
What to Buy? 4 Computers – IBM (Thinkpad) – Gateway – Dell – Compaq – HP – Micron – NEC – Toshiba 4 Monitors – Sony – Panasonic – NEC 4 Printers/Scanners – Hewlett-Packard – Epson 4 Modem – US Robotics – Global Village
What to Buy? 4 Zip and Jaz – Iomega 4 www. pcmag. com 4 www. computershopper. com 4 www. gateway. com 4 www. dell. com 4 Rules – Made in Japan a – – Good thing Made in Korea not a good thing Service calls Free 24 hour tech support 3 year Warranty
Troubleshooting your computer 4 Check Power 4 Check Plugs 4 Disks in Drive 4 Shut down and restart
Networks 4 Things to Know – LAN – WAN – Client/Server – Peer to Peer – Routers – Backbones – Remote Access
LAN - Local Area Network Peer to Peer Network
LAN - Local Area Network Server FAMMED Client
Software/Files 4 Windows NT (Server) 4 E-Mail (Exchange Server) 4 Win 95 or MAC OS 4 User Specific software like SPSS 4 Web Browser, telnet 4 Non-shared files 4 Network Client Software - Protocols 4 Scheduling 4 EMR 4 MS Office, Publisher, Project 4 Public Files (Shared Files) 4 User Files (Backup of non- shared files) 4 Medical References
Router WAN - Wide Area Network Backbone
Family Practice Router USA-MC WAN Biomedical Library 2001 Backbone
144. 23. 7. 86 144. 23. 7. 87 IP Address Internet Jaguar 1. usouthal. edu
Remote Access
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