An Era of Social Change I The

An Era of Social Change

I. The Latino Presence Grows A. Latinos of Varied Origins 1. 1960 s Latino population from 3 million to 9 million 2. Mexican Americans largest group 3. By 1960, almost 900, 000 Puerto Ricans settle mostly in NYC 4. Cubans flee communism to NYC, Miami, NJLeft after Castro took over a) want economic opportunity

Latinos Fight for Change B. The Farm Worker Movement 1. Cesar Chavez wanted to unionize fruit workers in US 2. form United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC); boycott California grapes, forcing grape growers to raise wages.

Latinos Fight for Change C. Cultural Pride wanted schools to teach in Spanish; 1968 Bilingual Education Act funds bilingual, cultural programs 1. Latinos organize, La Raza Unida help elect Latino candidates

II. Native Americans Struggle for Equality Native Americans Seek Greater Autonomy A. Native Americans cling to culture, refuse assimilation = FAILURE

Voices of Protest Confronting the Government B. 1972 American Indian Movement, AIM, leads march in D. C. ; riots, protest treaty violations, seek: 1. restoration of land 2. end of Bureau of Indian Affairs; occupy it, destroy property

Native American Victories C. 1970 s laws give tribes more control over own affairs, education 1. Indian Self Determination determination of one’s own fate without compulsion; free will 1970 s– 80 s courts recognize tribal lands, give financial compensation • 1970 s– 80 s courts recognize tribal lands, give financial compensation

SECTION 2: Women Fight for Equality I. Women’s Movement Arises A. Why a Women’s Movement Arises 1. Women shut of “men’s work”

A New Women’s Movement Arises 2. Job and wage discrimination 3. civil rights, antiwar movements men discriminate against women The Women’s Movement Emerges B. Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique shows women’s dissatisfaction C. “Women’s Liberation Movement” (Women’s Lib) D. feminism -wanted economic, political and social equality with men E. Civil Rights Act created EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) to handle discrimination claims

The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses The Creation of NOW F. 1966 National Organization for Women (NOW) founded by Friedan and others

The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses G. Gloria Steinem helps found National Women’s Political Caucus, Ms. Seeks public office Legal and Social Gains H. Higher Education Act bans gender discrimination if federal funding (Title IX) No discrimination in education

The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses I. Roe v. Wade = 1973 : women have right to an abortion in first trimester 1. women had the right to privacy – Feminists support woman’s right to an abortion – Feminists believe for women to ever be fully equal, women must be able to control the number of children they have

• Abortion was considered a state’s rights issue. Texas had outlawed abortion. The supreme court struck down that law by a 7 -2 vote. Using the same reasoning as the Griswold v. Connecticut (the majority of the justices maintained that a right to privacy was implied by the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments. ) No state could restrict abortions during the first three months, or trimester, of a pregnancy. • Many consider the Constitution a living document. Which means the meaning of the wording should be reinterpreted from time to time.

The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses J. 1972 Congress passes Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) 1. needed to be ratified by 38 states-never passed Phyllis Schlafly

The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses K. The New Right Emerges 1. Conservatives build “pro-family” movement, later called New Right 2. Phyllis Schlafly with religious, political groups launch Stop-ERA will lead to drafting women, end of child support, same sex marriage – Focus on social, cultural, moral issues; build grassroots support

IV. Counterculture A. Counterculture -white, middleclass youths reject traditional America B. Members of counterculture called hippies against materialism, technology, war C. Idealistic youth leave school, work, home , to live with one another on streets, parks and group homes 1. want to create idyllic communities of peace, love, harmony= Hippie Culture

Counterculture Hippie Culture D. Age of Aquarius -rock n roll, colorful clothing, and liberal drug use=Era of “sex, drugs, rock ‘n’ roll” – Pot and new hallucinogenic drug -LSD, acid – Buttons, beads and long hair – Some hippies turn to Eastern religion (Buddhist & Zen). E. Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco becomes hippie capital

Hippie Culture Counterculture Era of “sex, drugs, rock ‘n’ roll”, crazy clothing F. Age of Aquarius -rock n roll, colorful clothing, and liberal drug use 1. Pot and new hallucinogenic drug-LSD, acid G. Buttons, beads and long hair H. Some hippies turn to Eastern. religion (Buddhist & Zen) I. Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco becomes hippie capital

Counterculture Decline of the Movement F. Urban communes turn dangerous 1. Some fall victim to drug addiction, mental breakdowns

Counterculture J. Decline of the Movement 1. Urban communes turn seedy, dangerous 2. Some fall victim to drug addiction, mental breakdowns

Counterculture 2. 1969 -Charles Manson -killed Sharon Tate 3. Hell's Angels -beat man to death in front of stage Drugs took their toll

A Changing Culture V. Art and Fashion-Pop Culture - blue jeans A. Pop art uses commercial, impersonal images from everyday life- led by Andy Warhol • imply that personal freedom lost to conformist lifestyle

A Changing Culture B. Rock Music – The Beatles most influential rock band, help make rock mainstream

A Changing Culture Rock Music C. Woodstock (1969) gathers many of most popular bands over 400, 000 attend= Three Days of Peace and Music – Woodstock Music Festival; An Aquarian Exposition: Three Days of Peace and Music

Woodstock Crowds

Woodstock

A Changing Culture Changing Attitudes – Attitudes toward sexual behavior become more casual, permissive “sexual revolution” – Some think permissiveness is liberating; others sign of moral decay – Liberal attitudes about dress, lifestyle, behavior adopted

A Changing Culture Conservatives Attack the Counterculture VI. Conservative movement replaced counterculture- thought society was losing moral compass, drug use, liberal sex Alarmed by violence on campuses, cities Consider counterculture values decadent Think counterculture irrational, lack inhibitions

Review • • During what time period did Industrialization occur? late 1800 s-early 1900 s What is the process by which a country’s economy changes from being agricultural and rural to being manufacturing and urban? Industrialization What was the name of the process for making large quantities of cheap, high quality steel? Bessemer What form of transportation was the most important for industrialization? Railroads

Review • • What two inventions aided the growth of railroads? Bessemer steel process and Drake’s steam engine What was the name of the telephone’s inventor? Alexander Graham Bell What was the name of the prolific American inventor known for the light bulb and the phonograph? Thomas Edison Who was the American industrialist who made his fortune in the Standard Oil Co? John D. Rockefeller

Review • • • Who was the industrialist who made his fortune with US Steel? Andrew Carnegie Critics of wealthy entrepreneurs like Rockefeller and Carnegie called them what? Robber barons Name two conditions that led to labor unions being formed. Low wages and poor working conditions Name the labor union open to all workers regardless of race, gender, or skill. Knights of Labor What event hurt the reputation of many unions, especially the one listed above? Haymarket Affair

Get your STR Quiz out!!! The 1950 s 158. Who were the two presidents during the 1950’s? Truman and Eisenhower 159. What bill of Congress gave veterans money to go to college? GI Bill 160. What types of communities were built around large US cities? Suburbs 161. What Eisenhower program improved transportation? Interstate Highway System

The 1950 s 162. What new type of home entertainment became common in the 1950’s? Television 163. What new type of music became common in the 1950’s? Rock ‘n Roll 164. What was the time of high birthrates from 1946 -1964? Baby Boom

The Kennedy and Johnson Years 165. What years are referred to as the Kennedy and Johnson era? 1961 -1968 166. What was Kennedy’s plan for America? New Frontier 167. What was the volunteer program of Kennedy? Peace Corps 168. What was the failed invasion of Cuba? Bay of Pigs

The Kennedy and Johnson Years 169. What country put missiles on Cuba? Soviet Union 170. What was the competition with Russia to put a man on the moon called? the Space Race 171. Who was charged with Kennedy’s death? Lee Harvey Oswald 172. What was Johnson’s program for America? The Great Society 173. Name two health care programs under Johnson’s plan Medicare and Medicaid

The Civil Rights Movement 174. During what years did the Civil Rights Movement take place? 1954 -1968 175. What three presidents were in office during the Civil Rights Movement? Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson 176. What were the segregation laws in the South called? Jim Crow Laws 177. What Supreme Court decision made segregation legal? Plessy v. Ferguson 178. What Supreme Court decision made school segregation illegal? Brown v. Board of Education

The Civil Rights Movement 179. What law made segregation in public places illegal? Civil Rights Act of 1964 180. What type of protest did Dr. King lead? nonviolent passive resistance 181. Name two ways Southern states kept blacks from voting. poll tax and literacy test 182. What was the 24 th Amendment? abolished poll taxes

The Civil Rights Movement 183. What two protest methods were used the most during the Civil Rights Movement? sit-ins and boycotts 184. What was the 1964 voting registration campaign led by SNCC in the south called? Freedom Summer 185. Name the two organizations most associated with the Civil Rights Movement. SNCC and the SCLC

The Vietnam War 186. During what years did the Vietnam War take place? 1965 -1975 187. What two presidents held office during the Vietnam War? Johnson and Nixon 188. Which part of Vietnam did the US support? South Vietnam 189. Who led the Vietminh? Ho Chi Minh 190. What theory states that if one country falls to communism, then others will follow? Domino Theory 191. What Resolution gave Presidents Johnson and Nixon the right to fight the Vietnam War? Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

The Vietnam War 192. What was the large attack led by the North Vietnamese (occurred during the Vietnamese New Year)? Tet Offensive 193. What was the Vietcong nickname? Charlie 194. What chemical weapons were used in Vietnam? napalm and agent orange 195. What did Nixon call his plan to slowly withdraw troops from Vietnam? Vietnamization 196. What were the Geneva Accords? divided Vietnam along the 17 th parallel 197. What technology enabled Americans to get information about the war in Vietnam? television

Protest Era 198. During what two decades did many protests occur? 60 s and 70 s 199. Which amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18? 26 th amendment 200. What were the programs to enforce equal hiring of minorities? affirmative action

Protest Era 201. Who was the most famous Hispanic labor leader? César Chávez 202. What movement demanded equal pay for women? Women’s Movement 203. This movement’s goal was to protect the air and water (environment). Ecological Movement 204. What movement was aimed at protecting Native American culture and demanded that Native Americans gained more control over their own affairs? American Indian Movement

The Nixon Years 205. During what years was Nixon president? 1968 -1974 206. What building did five burglars break into in June, 1972? Democratic National Committee 207. Nixon became the first President to do what in 1974? resign 208. What was Nixon’s reaching out to the Communist called? détente

The Nixon Years 209. What was the name of Nixon’s treaty with the Soviet Union? SALT I (strategic arms limitations treaty) 210. What did OPEC do to cripple the American economy in the 1970 s? stopped shipping oil to America because of its support of Israel 211. Where does most of America’s foreign oil come from? Middle East

The New Conservatism 215. During what decade was there a renewal of political conservatism? 1980 s 216. What two presidents are associated with the new conservatism? Reagan and Bush 217. Why did Iraq invade Kuwait? for oil 218. Who was the dictator of Iraq? Saddam Hussein

The New Conservatism 219. What was the UN’s response to the invasion of Kuwait? Operation Desert Storm 220. During what years did the Persian Gulf War take place? 1990 -1991 221. What event marked the end of the Cold War? the tearing down of the Berlin Wall

The rise of technology 222. When did the technological revolution occur? early 1990 s 223. Who was the president that was in office for most of the 1990 s? Bill Clinton 224. This nickname was given to the area in California where computers were built and many high-tech jobs were available. Silicone Valley

Gilded Age • During what time period did the Gilded Age occur? • late 1800 s-early 1900 s • What were the small, dark, and unsanitary apartments in industrial cities? • tenements • What is the term for America in the late 1800’s meaning prosperous in appearance but poorer in reality? • Gilded Age • Who began the most famous settlement house? • Jane Addams • What were the political groups that dominated 19 th century cities? • Political machines

• What were the leaders of these groups called? • Party boss • What was the site and name of the immigrant-processing center on the East Coast? • Ellis Island • What was the site and name of the immigrant-processing center on the West Coast? • Angel Island • What is the term for Americans opposed to immigration? • Nativists • What was Carnegie’s writing that called for rich people to give most of their money to charity? • Gospel of wealth

• What nationality of immigrants were the first to be excluded from entering the US? • Chinese • The new immigration of the late 1800’s was made up of immigrants largely from what parts of Europe? • Eastern, Southern • What was the movement of Christians to end poverty and help the needy? • Social Gospel Movement • During what time period did Populism and political reform occur? • late 1800 s • What term describes a monetary system that uses both gold and silver?

• What was the political movement that wanted railroad regulation, reduced railroad rates, unlimited silver coinage, income tax, and a direct election of senators (made up mostly of farmers)? Populism • What was the first government agency to regulate the railroads? • Interstate Commerce Commission • What was the first widespread farmer’s political group? • The Grange

• What was the name of William Jennings Bryan’s famous speech calling for bimetallism? • Cross of gold speech • What monetary policy did Republicans support? • gold standard • What is a tariff? • Tax on imports • What law granted civil service jobs based on merit (performance)? • Pendleton Act