An Empirical Study On Stationary Motion Event In

An Empirical Study On Stationary Motion Event In Mandarin Chinese Thomas Fuyin Li Beihang University Beijing, China

Overview 1. Theoretical Background 2. Two Serious Problems 3. Aims of Research Powerful 4. Methodology 5. Results and Conclusions Free Thanks

Theoretical Background

Simple theory problems aims Free methodology conclusions Talmyan Typology: Talmy proposes that human languages fall into two categories: verb-framed languages (VL) and satellite-framed languages (SL).

theory Simple problems Aims Free methodology conclusions VL: Core schema is expressed in the verb root (‘enter’‘ascend’, etc. ) SL: Core schema is expressed by an element associated with the verb, called Satellite (‘go in/out/up’, etc. ).

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions 5 types of sub-event Macroevent Examples Core-schema Motion event The ball rolled in. Sat (into)=PATH Event of temporal contouring They talked on. Sat (on)=PATH Event of state change The candle blew out. Sat (out)=PATH Event of action correlating She sang along. Sat (along)=PATH Event of Realization The police hunted the fugitive down. Sat (down)=PATH

Two Problems

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions There seems to be a misunderstanding that Talmy had used a permissive methodology open to any form of data, with the result that a free-and-randomly selected data are used to attest the framework. Talmy has strict methodological requirements on this type of research, including colloquialism in style, frequency in occurrence in speech, and pervasiveness in scope.

Aims of Research

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Ongoing debate over the status of mandarin Chinese Talmy claims that “Mandarin is a strongly satellite-framed language. . . ” (Talmy 2000 b: 272). Slobin challenges this view with a proposal containing a third type, i. e. Equipollently-framed languages. Slobin treats Mandarin as Equipollently-framed language. (Slobin 2004: 25). Other voices

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions To empirically examine and locate the typological status of Mandarin Chinese across the full range of macro-event.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Present research: Sub-branch of the whole project, only to empirically examine and locate the typological status of Mandarin Chinese in the Be-locatedness of motion event.

Methodology

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions --10 pictures were designed as stimuli. --50 native speakers were interviewed. -- 500 answering sentences were obtained and transcribed into a total corpus containing 13445 Chinese characters in length. --- analyzed as containing 9 lexicalization patterns for conflating PATH.

Results and Conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions --- analyzed as containing 9 lexicalization patterns for conflating PATH. Pattern I: Vzai+LNP（verb “zai” (在)+Locative nominal phrase） S 10 P 1：“这个书应该在书架第一个格子里。” Zhe ge shu ying gai zai shu jia di yi ge ge zi li This book should lay bookshelf first shelf This book should lay at the first shelf of the bookshelf.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology “这个书在书架第一个格子里。” “这个书在书架第一个格子。” “#这个书书架第一个格子里。” 立在书架第一个格子里。” “这个书 Pattern I: Path=Verb（zai）= be located at conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free Pattern II：LNP (locative NP alone) S 9 P 2：“树干上。” Shu gan shang Tree trunk on On the tree trunk. Pattern II: Path=Verb methodology conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Pattern III：VPmanner+PPzai（Verbmanner + Prep “zai” phrase） S 5 P 2：“刀子插在树上。” Daozi cha zai shu shang Knife insert at tree on The knife inserted on the tree. Pattern III: Path=PP

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology Pattern IV：VPzai + NP（verb “zai”+ noun phrase） S 12 P 1：“书在书架的第一层。” Shu zai shujia de di yi ceng Book lay bookshelf of first shelf The book lays on the first shelf of the bookshelf. Pattern IV: Verb(zai)=be located at=Path. 故宫在北京。 Gugong zai Beijing Forbidden city be/exist Beijing The forbidden city is located in Beijing. conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Pattern V: PPzai+VPmanner （prepositional phrase + verb of manner） S 3 P 2：“在树的中间插着呢。” Zai shu de zhong jian cha zhe ne in tree of middle insert (It) is inserted in the middle of the tree trunk. Pattern V: Path = PP

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology Pattern VI：NP Example （6） S 25 P 1：“柜子的顶层。” Gui zi de ding ceng Cupboard of top Top of cupboard. Pattern VI: elliptical of verb “zai”, which conflates path conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Pattern VII：LNP+VPmanner （locative nominal phrase + verb of manner） S 36 P 5：“车前坐着。” Che qian zuo zhe Car front sit Sitting in the front of the car. Pattern VII: Path = LNP=Satellite.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Pattern VIII：VPmanner + NP （verb of manner + nominal phrase） S 12 P 10：“绳子横跨山崖。” Shengzi heng kua shan ya Rope hang across hill The rope hangs across the hills. Pattern VIII：Path = verb.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Pattern IX：VP manner （verb of manner） S 11 P 10：“绳子在两个悬崖之间，把两个悬崖连起来”。 Shengzi zai liangge xuanya zhi jian, ba liangge xuanya lian qi lai Rope hang at two cliff between, make two cliff link Hanging between two cliffs, the rope links two cliffs together. Pattern IX：Path = verb.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Patterns Rate Language type Verb + LNP/NP 89. 00 % V-language Verb(manner) + PP/LNP 11. 00 % S-language

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions As far as the data is concerned in this article, the findings support the following: First, Mandarin Chinese characteristically expresses the site of the Be-locatedness, that is, the path of Motion Event, in the verb of ZAI, meaning be-located-at.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions Second, in Mandarin Chinese, these verb-framed constructions are salient in colloquial use, and for many of which there are no parallel in satellite-framed expressions, for example, “jin cheng” (go downtown), “shengkong” (ascend), “shengjing”.

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions And finally, the author calls on an exhaustive analysis of different semantic events, to study the semantic variations, before labeling Mandarin Chinese as a certain type.

theory Simple problems THANK YOU for your kind Attention aims Free methodology conclusions

theory Simple problems aims Free methodology conclusions