American Interwar Foreign Policy 1920 -1941 FQ TO

American Interwar Foreign Policy: 1920 -1941 FQ: TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE GOALS OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY CHANGE IN THE INTERWAR YEARS (1920 -1941)?

From Isolation to Intervention…

Washington Disarmament Conference (1921 -1922)

Five-Power Treaty (1922)

European Debts to the US

Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

Dawes Plan (1924)

Young Plan (1930) 5 For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! 5 $26, 350, 000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. 5 By 1931, Hoover declared a debt moratorium.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931) 5 League of Nations condemned the action. 5 Japan leaves the League. 5 Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the Far East.

Hoover-Stimpson Doctrine (1932)

FDR’s “Good Neighbor” Policy

FDR Recognizes the Soviet Union (late 1933) 5 FDR felt that recognizing Moscow might bolster the US against Japan. 5 Maybe trade with the USSR would help the US economy during the Depression.

Nye Committee Hearings (1934 -1936) 5 The Nye Committee I investigated the charge that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits [“merchants of death. ”] 5 The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money. 5 Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters. 5 Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts.

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937

US Neutrality

Panay Incident (1937)

Spanish Civil War (1936 -1939) The American “Lincoln Brigade”

Fascist Aggression

1939 Neutrality Act

“America First” Committee Charles Lindbergh

Destroyers for Bases 5 September 1940 5 Following the fall of France, leaving only GB between Germany and the U. S. 5 U. S. transfers 50 mothballed destroyers to GB in exchange for land rights in Newfoundland, Jamaica, Antigua, etc.

FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech

“Lend-Lease” Act (1941) Great Britain. . . $31 billion Soviet Union. . . . $11 billion France. . . . . $ 3 billion China. . . . . $1. 5 billion Other European. . . . $500 million South America. . . . . $400 million The amount totaled: $48, 601, 365, 000

Atlantic Charter 5 August 1941 5 Defined the Allied goals for the postwar world 5 No territorial gains, restoration of selfgovernment, reduction of trade restrictions

Pearl Harbor

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane

Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

FDR Signs the War Declaration

USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor Memorial 2, 887 Americans Dead!