American Expansion 1787 -1861 America establishes its boundaries
On map, label year of statehood on every state.
Write the below underlined material on top right corner of map. Factors affecting westward expansion n Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement – Population growth in the eastern states – Availability of cheap, fertile land – Economic opportunity, e. g. , gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) – Cheaper and faster transportation, e. g. , rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats – Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) – Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country (US WOULD STRETCH FROM ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC!!!!)
american expansion new territories added to the United states after 1787 n Put above title in Center above map.
Fill in underlined material on first fold of Westward Expansion Paper Northwest Ordinance n Established an orderly procedure/set of principles for region to achieve statehood. – Westward Migration (unlimited opportunity for settlement of farms & towns) – Slavery- no slavery; every time we add a state, issue of slavery comes up – Public Education- set aside land for public schools, began trend for public education – Additon of new states: sets up a procedure for becoming a new states
Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, & Indiana Color these states red & label NW Territory… Pinstripe red lines for Colonial America. Create a Color Key at bottom of map.
n Decide if the South favored the Northwest Ordinance. n Decide why Dr. Page would favor the Northwest Ordinance.
Post-Revolutionary America
The Louisiana Purchase n Jefferson thought about fighting Spanish for Louisiana region, but then France overtook region…. Jefferson didn’t want to fight Napolean, so offered to buy property…Napolean needed the cash to fight war in Europe n Jefferson bought land from Napolean of (the Louisiana Purchase) France n Doubled the size of the United States. n $15 million
In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. n n n Corps of Discovery: 28 months, 8000 miles to Pacific Sacagawea, Shoshone, saved them. MAJOR GOAL: Learn about Geography, natural resources, animals & plants Make contact with , in a nice way, Native Americans Search for a water route to Pacific
Draw in Outward Journey of Lewis & Clark Expedition in dark pen or marker & label on map with a key on bottom. Start in St. Louis, label St. Louis, & draw a small arch.
Color in the Louisiana Purchase light green (following the lightly lined states underneath) & label Louisiana Purchase.
War of 1812 n Why it matters? – It ushered in a spirit of Nationalism in the U. S. , that expanded trade & westward movement!
n What caused the War of 1812? – 1. . British Confiscated Am erican merchant ships – 2. British impressed (captured & forced into their Navy) American sailors – 3. Battle with Native Americans in West n Led by Tecum seh, fought against Am erican expansion into the We st – 4. War Hawks (stro ng nationalists) called for war to restore America’s Hon or (failed embargos…b lame Brit) n Calhoun of SC n Henry Clay of KY
n Humiliated by British interference with American trade, impressments, & support for Indian attacks on settlers, USA heads to war…again with our tiny army & small navy we go back to war with our ex-girlfirend, Britian…
What were the EVENTS of the War of 1812? n n n n 1. Failed invasion of Canada (Jefferson got this one wrong) 2. The little American Navy faired pretty well (to the surprise of everyone) 3. Andrew Jackson defeats native Americans in Alabama & Florida, getting Pensacola…PC here we come…Say thanks to A. Jackson! 4. Burning of the White House 5. Poem by Francis Scott Key…. ”Oh, say can you see” 6. A. Jackson victorious for US at the Battle of New Orleans (71 Americans die compared to 2036 British)…. Mardi Gras here we come! 7. Treaty of Ghent signed too late.
EFFECTS of the War of 1812 1. No change in territory n 2. No formal statement on the issue of impressments n 3. Temporarily ended Indian resistance east of Miss. River n 4. America is unified…. NATIONALISM! n
Other Territories n Convention of 1818 -. As a further follow-up to the Treaty of Ghent U. S. & Britain decide: – 3 Major decisions: n 1. Part of Minnesota & North Dakota (Part of Louisiana Territory n 2. Fishing Rights n 3. Joint Occupation of Oregon n Shade in the Northern part of Minnesota & North Dakota brown & label Convention of 1818
Other Territories n Adams-Onís Treaty : Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish minister to Washington Luis de Onís addressed two major problems: Georgians want to end Seminole raids, and the Spanish wanted to clearly define the boundary between Mexico and the Louisiana Purchase. – Spain was not in a strong bargaining position since many of its colonies were in open revolt. This weakness brought favorable terms to the United States. Major provisions included: n n Florida, parts of Alabama & Mississipi & part of Oregon north to 42 degrees Color Florida & Southern part of AL & MS light blue & label Adams -Onis Treaty & put on color key.
USA IS TALKING BIG! SUPERPOWER HERE WE COME. Write this term & def on bottom of map side. Monroe Doctrine n In 1823, President James Monroe issued the MONROE DOCTRINE. It put Europe on notice that the USA wouldn’t tolerate any additional European colonies in North America. – Although, we did not have the military might to back it up, it became the basis for the US foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere. – MAIN PURPOSE: KEEP EUROPE OUT OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE!!!
Other Territories How did the revolution in Texas lead to a war with Mexico? n Mexican Province of Texas most vulnerable to American Expansion. Why? – Closest to U. S. – Small population of Hispanics, Tejanos – Mexico decides to combat expansion, by welcoming American emigrants if they converted to Catholicism, No Slaves, & bought land…. 36, 000 American did this…good at first, but then went sour
Things go sour in Texas & the Texans revolt from Mexico Lone Star Republic, “Remember the Alamo”, Led by Sam Houston, Texas wins indepence, & Soon asked to be annexed by U. S. n Annexation of Texas in 1845– Texas gains their independence from Mexico & becomes a state after winning Texas War of Independence. n Enters as a slave state…. ugh. – Color Southern portion of Texas yellow and label on color key.
n Oregon– To win presidency, James Polk who wanted to annex Texas, could only get northern support if he promised to annex Oregon as a non-slave state to appease the North…. to avoid war with two countries, England & Mexico, Polk made a deal with Britain to split Oregon on 49 th parallel…ticked off north
Final Seventh Block…. – Mexican Cession, 1848, US defeats Mexico & wins Mexican war…we’ll leave Mexico City, but get California, New Mexico… – Gadsen Purchase, 1853, US Buys land from Mexico for $10 million…to make a transcontintental railroad from ocean to ocean
Copy map & color Oregon dk blue & label on map & color key & color Cali area orange & label on map
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AGAIN>>>WHY GO WEST? Factors affecting westward expansion n Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement – Population growth in the eastern states – Availability of cheap, fertile land – Economic opportunity, e. g. , gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) – Cheaper and faster transportation, e. g. , rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats – Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) – Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country
n n n NW Ordinance lets Americans go west! No to slaves, yes to school & statehood is the best. Louisiana Purchase doubles our size for a cool $15 mill, now the French have nowhere in the bayou they can eat gumbo & chill. Convention of 1818 comes after 1812, where Brit & US were dishin, now they settled some Minnesota land so Americans can go fishin’ Adams-Onis means spring break & lets Americans head to PC JQ Adams got the beach from Spain & that’s how Florida came to be. Polk gets elected if he goes for Oregon & no slaves & Texas, slaves are swell, To avoid war with Britain, he splits Oregon on the 49 th parallel… Houston leads the Lonestar to become a state, leading America into war with Mexico, but Snoop & Katy & Cali will soon be our fate…
Reform Movements
Goal by Abolitionists n Abolitionist movement – Free slaves b/c it was morally wrong, cruel & inhumane and it violates democracy
People of the Movement
Harriet Tubman n Supported the secret route, or Underground Railroad, that helped escaped southern slaves to reach northern free states.
Frederick Douglass Former Slave n Escaped slavery and became an abolitionist. n
Isabel Sojourner Truth Suffragist and Abolitionist n Was born a slave and worked for equal rights for women as well as for the end of slavery n
William Lloyd Garrison Abolitionist leader n Believed that slavery was immoral and demanded that slaves be immediately freed n
Impact: n Made Americans address the issue of slavery…. couldn’t brush off the topic or ignore it any longer…. comes to a head leading to the Civil War over States’ Rights & 10 th Amendment
Women’s Movement n GOAL: n Suffrage movement – Supporters declared that “All men and women are created equal. ” – Supporters believed that women were deprived of basic rights. n Denied the right to vote, educational opportunites n Denied equal opportunities in business n Limited in rights to own property
Susan B. Anthony n n Supporter of the suffrage movement Declared that women and men are entitled to the same rights in all areas of life, including the right to vote and own property
Isabel Sojourner Truth Suffragist and Abolitionist n Was born a slave and worked for equal rights for women as well as for the end of slavery n
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Leader of the Suffrage Movement n Worked closely with Susan B. Anthony n Wrote The Seneca Falls Declaration n
Temperance Movement n Goal– End alcohol abuse & all problems associated with alcohol abuse – They believed drinking alcohol leads to violence, crime, sickness & neglected families
Important People Temperance Movement n Pro-Prohibition- ban alcohol altogether n Pro-Moderation- restrict alcohol, drink in moderation n Neal Dow- “Maine Law”, first to restrict alcohol sales
Impact of Temperance Movement n Laws/ restrictions on alcohol – Drinking age – No sales on Sunday in GA
Transcendentalist Movement Goaln Developed new way to look at humanity n Listen to nature, not religious doctrine n
Transcendentalists n Ralph Waldo Emerson- Wrote “The Dial” n Henry David Thoreau- defended civil disobedience, if it goes against conscience, it is ok to break the law
Impact of Transcendentalism n Inspiration to later leaders who fought for civil rights around the world, including MLK, Jr.
Utopian Societies n Goal- Distance themselves from society by setting up communities based on unusual ways of sharing property, labor, & family
Utopian Groups n Brookfarm- Robert Owen- People of different backgrounds work together n Shakers- No children, men & women live separately, create well-made furniture
n Impact- Shaker’s created high quality crafts & farm produce
Jacksonian Democracy n Andrew Jackson…. Where did we hear about him? n Served as President from 1829 -1837
A. PRESIDENT JACKSON 1828 -1836 1. BACKGROUND a. Born poor and became a rich man b. 1 st President since George Washington who didn’t go to college c. Hero of the Battle of New Orleans
Expanded Power of President (Executive Branch) n How? – Encouragement of all social classes (rich & poor) to have power to vote – Defied Supreme Court & removed Cherokee Indians from GA even after told no (Trail of Tears was forbidden by Supreme Court)
Expanded Power of President (Executive Branch) n The policy was upheld by the Supreme Court in the case of Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, but, when Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in Worcester v. Georgia that the Indians retained certain rights in their own lands, Jackson is said to have retorted, “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it. ”
Jackson- expanding his power cont. Spoils System- Political support=jobs in the government (fishy) Force Bill- Jackson had the right to use force to enforce Federal laws…big with South & States’ rights!
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