America Secedes from the Empire v Read Paine s

America Secedes from the Empire v. Read Paine’s Crisis quote v. May 10, 1775 Second CC v. Conservative element-appeals sent but preparations made

Congress Drafts George Washington • Perhaps one of the most significant decisions was to appoint GW • Pros-Cons • Check excesses of masses • Olive Branch Petition-July 1775

• April 1775 -July 1776 -period of inconsistency • May 1775 Ethan Allen and BA • June 1775 Bunker’s Hill seized

The Abortive Conquest of Canada • October 1775 -Falmouth burned • Arnold and Montgomery-Quebec • January 1776 -Norfolk Va. Burned

• Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense • Why was Independence not openly spoken of? ? • Illegal-consequences? Irish rebels. . • Toasting the king. . • Burning of towns-Hessians hiring-shock us into reality • Common Sense-

Paine and The Idea of Republicanism • All Government officials should derive their power from the consent of the governed • Not new-ancient Greece practiced this, even England itself-King-House of Lords heriditary but Commons was just that-elected from common people • Many in England championed such opinions. Whigs • Civic Virtue is key-Town meetings and C of. C fostered this. Supress your own self interest for good of the whole

Not All Embraced Paine’s Ideas • What Patriots did not favor Paine’s views on Republicanism? • Natural aristocracy vs. Heriditary aristocracy • Leveling mechanism must be kept in check

Jefferson’s Explanation • June 7 1776 -RHL-these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states • Motion adopted July 2 nd

Patriots v. Loyalists • Role of militia • Tragic figures? • Makers of America-read-p 150

The Loyalist Exodus • Persecution mild- What is meant by this? • 80, 000 fled- several times that stayed • 50, 000 took up arms- effective?

George Washington at ‘Bay’ • March 1776 evacuation of Boston • Summer of 1776 -Aug. 27 Battle of BH/Lg I • Fall 1776 White Plains 10/28 -Nov. 19 Closter/Fort Lee • Trenton-Princeton-Morristown 1776

Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion • General Burgoyne-Whig-will invade from Lake’s route-Arnold’s retreat a year earlier means the difference • Howe was to assist from NY-and meet him in Albany ‘if’ needed • Barry St. Leger was to come from Mohawk River Valley and swing in from the west • Burgoyne is doomed-ill timing-ill use of support determined opponent

Strange French Bedfellows • Revenge • Open aid replaced secret aid • American cause becomes a fad- liberal French thinkers like Rousseau aroused the bored spirits of french- Big mistake • Declaration and now Saratoga change things -Franklin is difference maker

Colonial War Becomes a world War • Holland/Spain declare war on England-Sp. Wants Gilbralter back • Sp/Fr fleets when combined outnumber even the British • Catherine the Great-Armed Neutralitymaritime neutral states who were at the mercy of Britain and her mercantilist policies-become passive aggressive

France is Difference Maker • British strategy is altered-leave Phil. >NYC • 1778 -1781 -Washington, except for Battle of Monmouth Court House will keep British hemmed in • French aid supplies- powder guns money equipment advice half of our armed forces Rochambeau Navy however proves to be the difference maker-goal is to protect Fr. West Indies

Blow and Counter Blow • French army in Conn. -tensions plan-NYC • “Whom can we trust now” • Britain tries in vain to attack southern colonies hoping to ‘roll’ them up • Ga. Attacked 1778 -1779 • Charleston S. C. 1780 -single largest loss-5000 men and 400 cannon-worse than Saratoga for Britain • King’s Mt. And Cowpens-2 Am. Victories • Greenes strategy works

The Land And Sea Frontier • Most native side with Britain-Why? • Joseph Brant- schooled in England adopted by well known American tory-Guy Johnson/william Johnson

Treaty Of Paris • War Weariness settling in-inflation-job lossestaxes on the rise • Whigs gaining seats in Parliament • Losses in India-West Indies-Island of Minorca fell • Adams-Franklin-Jay assemble in Paris • Congress instructs them to follow lead of France • Our negotiators believe otherwise-they feel Fr. Is out for themselves first , us 2 nd-

John Jay-acts out • He believes the trans Alleghanny region might be ‘given’ to a third party-probably Spain-weak America is easier to manipulate • Sends overtures to English diplomats • France is stabbed in the back-BUT they are secretly happy