Amelanchier laevis “Allegheny serviceberry or shadbush” SIZE: Large shrub or small tree HABIT: Upright with rounded crown
FOL: Pink-bronze in spring; medium green in summer; apricot-red in fall
BARK: Grayish in color, streaked with dark longitudinal stripes
FL. & FR. : White in pendulous, 2 -4” racemes in April as leaves emerge; Fruit = 1/3” redpurple-black pome in June
CULTURE: Transplant B & B; prefers MWDS, sl. acidic; full sun or partial shade; NOT pollution tolerant PESTS: Rust; powdery mildew; leaf spot USE: Naturalizing (good against an evergreen backdrop); attracts wildlife MISC. : Fruit can be made into pies, jelly, etc. Birds love the fruit! Silvery bark is nice in winter.
Amelanchier laevis ‘Robin Hill’
Crataegus phaenopyrum “Washington hawthorn” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Upright, pyramidal-oval
FOL: Lustrous dark green in summer; orange-scarlet-purple in fall
BARK: Grayish brown. Becoming moderately flaky with age.
FL. & FR. : 1/2” white flowers, sl. scented, in terminal and axillary 2” corymbs in June; Fruit = bright, glossy, 1/3” red drupe in October (persist thru winter)
CULTURE: Tolerates most soils; p. H tolerant; full sun; tolerates urban dirt; does NOT tolerate wet sites PESTS: Rusts and leaf spots USE: Specimen, screen, foundation, hedge
MISC. : Thorns are dangerous!
Malus sp. “crabapples, apples” SIZE: Small tree; cultivar dependent HABIT: Typically upright, mounded
FOL: Dull dark green in summer; yellow fall color (often poor)
BARK: Gray-Brown and scaly
FL. & FR. : Depends on cultivar!! Single and doubles; Fruit = pomes (1/2” - 5”), red -yelloworange in September (persist into winter)
CULTURE: Prefer MWDS, acidic; full sun (does not tolerate shade!!); pruning is recommended to provide adequate air circulation PESTS: Many. . . powdery mildew, aphids, fireblight, cedar-apple rust, etc. . . (not as serious in the North)
USE: Specimen, groupings, attract wildlife MISC. : Makes excellent jam, jelly, pies or eaten raw. Fruit can be messy!
Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ “Kwanzan cherry” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Upright, often vase-shaped
FOL: Bronzy foliage in spring; dull dark green in summer; orange-bronze in fall
BARK: Cherry like. Reddish brown in color with prominent horizontal lenticels
FL. & FR. : Pink, double flowered, 1” in clusters; Fruit = NONE! Sterile plant
CULTURE: Prefers MWDS; short-lived tree PESTS: Canker, virus, borers USE: Specimen, street tree MISC. : Often grafted on P. avium. Live about 20 years. Spectacular in flower! Great bark. Hardiest of the double-flowered cherries. Marginal in Burlington, VT
Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula’ “weeping Higan cherry” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Grafted, weeping
FOL: Bronzy foliage in spring; dull green in summer; orange-bronze in fall
BARK: Cherry like. Reddish brown in color with prominent horizontal lenticels
FL. & FR. : Pink, single flowered, 1” in clusters; Fruit = rare
CULTURE: Prefers MWDS; fast grower! PESTS: Canker, virus, borers USE: Specimen MISC. : Often grafted on P. avium. One of the longest-lived cherries! Graceful in flower. Great bark. Marginal in Burlington, VT
Prunus virginiana ‘Canada Red’ “red-leaf chokeberry” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Upright, rounded
FOL: Green foliage in spring; dull dusty purple in summer; red-purple in fall
FL. & FR. : white, 1” in 6” racemes; Fruit = 1/3” red-purple drupe in mid-summer
CULTURE: Prefers MWDS but tolerates most soils; full sun PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen, street tree MISC. : This is an up-and-coming plant in the nursery trade. Great seasonal characteristics! Fruit is edible and made into pies, jams, jellies, sauces and wine!
Sorbus aucuparia “European mountainash” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Pyramidal to upright ovate shape
FOL: Dull dark green in summer; yellowreddish in fall
BARK: Smooth, light grayish brown in color, often with a shiny look.
FL. & FR. : White, 1/3” , malodorous in 3 -5” flat-topped corymbs in May; Fruit = 1/4” orange-red pome in September
CULTURE: Transplant B & B; prefers well drained loamy, sl. acidic soils; Does NOT tolerate compacted soils or air pollution PESTS: Fireblight, canker, leaf rusts (none too serious in Vermont) USE: Specimen, foundation plant, attract wildlife MISC. : Disease devastates the plant below USDA Zone 6!
Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ “peegee hydrangea” SIZE: Large shrub or small tree HABIT: Upright, spreading, low-branched
FOL: Dark green in summer; green and yellow fall color (not showy)
BARK: Reddish-brown to brown often showing gray vertical streaks
FL. & FR. : Mostly infertile flowers; 12 -18” terminal panicle; Flowers white changing to reddish-pink; No fruit
CULTURE: MWDS; full sun to partial shade; tough plant; soils adaptable; urban tolerant; prune in early Spring (flowers on new wood) PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen; accent; old-time plant that is making a come-back MISC. : Coarse winter texture; bold in flower; Dirr doesn’t like it (a “monstrosity”)
Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’
Hydrangea paniculata ‘The Swan’
Philadelphus coronarius “mockorange” SIZE: Large shrub HABIT: Upright, stiff branches that arch with age; leggy
FOL: Medium green in summer; NO fall color
BARK: Exfoliating, orange to reddish-brown
FL. & FR. : White, 1”, very fragrant, borne clustered on a raceme in June; Fruit = dehiscent capsule (not showy)
CULTURE: Transplant readily; soil adaptable; full sun to light shade; prune after flowering (can cut to the ground to rejuvenate!) PESTS: Leaf spots (some powdery mildew) USE: Accent; shrub border; old-time plant MISC. : Grown for scented flowers only. . .
Halesia tetraptera (H. carolina) “Carolina silverbell” SIZE: Small to medium tree HABIT: Low-branched tree with rounded, broad crown
FOL: Yellow-green in summer; yellow-green in fall
BARK: Young branches are orange-gray with darker vertical streaks. Become more gray brown with age with distinct flat topped ridges.
FL. & FR. : White, campanulate, 3/4” long, axillary flowers on old wood, in May before leaves; Fruit = oblong, 4 -winged, 1. 5” long, dry, lt. brown drupe
CULTURE: Transplants readily if B & B; prefers rich, high organic matter soils; sun or partial shade PESTS: None! USE: Specimen; naturalizing; mix with rhododendrons underneath and evergreens behind MISC. : Underutilized plant; ‘Rosea’ has a pink flower
Tamarix ramosissima “tamarisk” SIZE: Medium to large shrub HABIT: Upright but open
FOL: Blue-green and scale-like, creating a feathery appearance
FL. & FR. : Rosy pink, 1/4” flowers borne in 1 - 3” racemes grouped to form large (2 -3’) terminal panicles in mid-summer. Fruit = a capsule (rare)
CULTURE: Poor root system and therefore requires close attention following planting. Provide with adequate moisture. If transplanted and allowed to become dry. . . It will die! Prefers acidic, well-drained soils low in fertility; full sun; very salt tolerant!! Can be pruned to the ground and still flower PESTS: Canker and root rot USE: Seashore plantings or areas with high salt; poor soils MISC. : This plant has proven to be invasive in the mid-west along rivers and streams
Stewartia pseudocamellia “Japanese stewartia” SIZE: Small to medium tree HABIT: Pyramidal to oval
FOL: Medium green in summer; yellowish, reddish, or purplish in fall
BARK: Outstanding!! Develops a muscle like character. Outer bark fragments exfoliate to reveal lighter inner bark
FL. & FR. : White, cup-shaped, 2” across, flowers have long filaments and orange anthers, in May before leaves; Fruit = 1” oval, dry, lt. brown 5 -valved capsule in fall
CULTURE: Difficult to transplant, small container-grown plants or B & B is best; prefers well drained, organic, acidic soils; Prefer shade during the hottest part of the day. PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen, esp. in winter for the bark MISC. : Marginally hardy here in Burlington, VT. The bark is exfoliating and reveals a patchwork of cinnamons, tans, browns and cream colors. Exceptional! A 4 -season plant!
Ulmus glabra ‘Camperdownii’ “Camperdown elm” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Low-branched tree with rounded, broad crown; height depends on graft
FOL: Medium green in summer; yellow-green in fall
BARK: Dark gray brown, twisting and contorting in all directions.
FL. & FR. : Fruit = 1/2” round, paperybrown samara in May (not showy)
CULTURE: Transplants readily; MWDS; full sun PESTS: Few (for elms); leaf gall; graft incompatibility USE: Specimen MISC. : Novelty plant ideal for a small yard; originally discovered creeping on the ground at Camperdown House, Dundee, Scotland around 1850
Ilex verticillata “winterberry” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Oval-rounded; forms a multistemmed clump
FOL: Dark green in summer; no fall color
BARK: Dark gray to almost black on older stems.
FL. & FR. : Dioecious! Flowers not showy; Fruit on female = 1/4” bright red drupe in September; persists into winter
CULTURE: Tolerates WET conditions; prefers moist, acidic, high OM soils; full sun to partial shade; will sucker PESTS: None serious USE: Excellent in a mass, near water; naturalizing; attracts wildlife MISC. : Many cultivars for fruit color (yellow, orange, red)
Ilex verticillata ‘Sunsplash’
Eleutherococcus sieboldianus “fiveleaf aralia” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Upright (with pruning), otherwise an upright mound
FOL: Bright green in summer; persist late into fall; no fall color
FL. & FR. : Not showy
CULTURE: VERY tolerant of poor soils, pollution, full sun or full shade; tolerates pruning; will sucker PESTS: None serious USE: Urban plant; screen; barrier (prickles) MISC. : The cultivar, ‘Variegatus’ has a very nice, white-margined, “tropical” looking leaf; formerly Acanthopanax sieboldianus
Eleutherococcus sieboldianus ‘Variegatus’
Viburnum carlesii “Koreanspice viburnum” SIZE: Small to medium shrub HABIT: Rounded; dense
FOL: Dull dark green and pubescent in summer; wine-red is possible in fall
FL. & FR. : Flowers = pinkish-red in bud, 1/2” across in 3” cymes in May (semi-snowball); Fruit = 1/3” red-black egg-shaped drupe (not showy)
CULTURE: Prefers MWDS; full sun to partial shade; prune AFTER flowering; avoid grafted plants PESTS: None serious, resistant to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Foundation plant; mixed shrub border MISC. : Flowers very fragrant!!
Viburnum dentatum “arrowwood viburnum” viburnum SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Multistemmed; dense and rounded
FOL: Lustrous dark green in summer; mixed fall color. . . yellow, red, purple
FL. & FR. : Flowers = white in 3” flat-topped cyme in June; Fruit = 1/4” blue-black drupe in September
CULTURE: Transplants readily; very durable for viburnums; prefers MWDS, full sun to partial shade; tolerates salt; suckers readily! PESTS: susceptible to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Hedges, masses; utilitarian; attracts wildlife MISC. : NOT fragrant in flower! Selections need to be made for fall color. Branches are long , straight, and resilient, and make excellent arrows!
Viburnum lantana “wayfaringtree viburnum” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Multistemmed; upright; rounded
FOL: Dull dark bluish-green in summer; poor purplish-red fall color
FL. & FR. : Flowers = white in 4” flat-topped cyme in May, no fragrance; Fruit = 1/3” yellow, red, black drupe in September (quite showy)
CULTURE: Readily transplanted; tolerates alkaline and dry soils better than other viburnums; full sun to partial shade PESTS: resistant to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Hedges, screens, massing; borders MISC. : A more compact form is: V. lantana ‘Mohican’
Viburnum opulus ‘Roseum’ “European snowballbush” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Upright, mounded
FOL: Dark green in summer; inconsistent fall color (yellow, red, purple)
FL. & FR. : Flowers = sterile, showy white flowers clustered in a 3” diameter ball in May; Flowers turn slightly pink with age; Fruit = none
CULTURE: Soil adaptable; very easy to grow; will NOT tolerate wet sites; full sun to partial shade PESTS: Aphids; leaf spot, susceptible to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Edging; shrub border MISC. : An old favorite in European and US gardens; known since the 16 th century
Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum “doublefile viburnum” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Horizontal branching in tiers
FOL: Dark green in summer; reddish-purple in fall
FL. & FR. : Flower = white, mix of fertile and sterile flowers on a 4” flat-topped cyme in May; Fruit = 1/3” red, black drupe in August
CULTURE: Requires MWDS; does NOT tolerate heavy, clay, poorly drained soils; can be severely pruned to rejuvenate PESTS: None serious; leaf scorch can be a problem in hot, dry sites; resistant to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Specimen, accent, foundation, mass MISC. : A beautiful plant in flower, marginally hardy here (site in a protected location!)
Viburnum x rhytidophylloides “lantanaphyllum viburnum” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Upright, slightly spreading
FOL: Dark, leathery green in summer; persist into winter (no fall color)
FL. & FR. : Flower = creamy-white in 4” flattopped cymes in May; Fruit = 1/3” red, black drupe in September
CULTURE: Soil adaptable; sun to partial shade; protect from wind PESTS: None, resistant to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Screen, hedge, foundation plant MISC. : Fruit can be showy, selections need to be made! V. x rhytidophylloides ‘Alleghany’ is a superior selection from a hybrid cross of V. rhytidophyllum x V. lantana ‘Mohican’ in 1953 and resulted in darker green leaves, more flowers, greater cold hardiness, more vigorous yet dense and compact growth!
Viburnum trilobum “American cranberry viburnum” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Upright and slightly spreading
FOL: Reddish new growth in spring; lustrous, medium green in summer; yellow-red-purple in fall
FL. & FR. : Flowers = white in 4” flat-topped cymes in May; Fruit = 1/3” bright red, globose, drupe in September (persists into winter)
CULTURE: Transplants readily; prefers MWDS; sun to partial shade; more adaptable than V. opulus; does NOT tolerate dry conditions PESTS: susceptible to Viburnum leaf beetle USE: Screen or informal hedge; attracts wildlife MISC. : Fruit edible and made into jams and jellies. Looks nearly identical to V. opulus
Weigela florida “weigela” SIZE: Small to medium shrub HABIT: Rounded with arching branches to the ground
FOL: Medium green in summer; no fall color
FL. & FR. : Flowers = 1” funnel-shaped, rosypink in June, axillary on old-wood; Fruit = two-valved capsule (not showy)
CULTURE: Extremely adaptable; prune after flowering to maintain shape; pollution tolerant PESTS: None serious USE: Massing, groups, shrub border MISC. : Effective in flower, nondescript out-of -flower; many cultivars: ‘Alexandra’ = “Wine and Roses®weigela” and ‘Variegata Nana’ = a compact, variegated form
Weigela florida ‘Nana Variegata’
Weigela florida ‘Wine and Roses’
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