AMADEUS Status report 38 th LNF Scientific Committee

AMADEUS Status report 38 th LNF Scientific Committee May 11, 2009 Johann Zmeskal for the AMADEUS collaboration 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 1

AMADEUS at DA NE Antikaon Matter At DA NE: Experiments with Unraveling Spectroscopy 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 2

The scientific case of the so-called “deeply bound kaonic nuclear states” is hotter than ever, both in theoretical (intensive debate) and experimental sectors. What emerges is the strong need for a complete experimental study of the scientific case, i. e. a clear and clean experiment (so without the need to make hypothesis on involved physics processes), measuring kaonic clusters both in formation and in the decay processes. AMADEUS’s main aim is to perform the first full acceptance, high precision measurement of DBKNS both in formation and in the decay processes, by implementing the KLOE detector with an inner AMADEUS-dedicated setup, containing a cryogenic target and a trigger system (and an inner tracker in a second phase). 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 3

Either situations: EXISTENCE or NON-EXISTENCE of the deeply bound kaonic nuclear clusters will have strong impact in kaon-nucleon/nuclei physics!!! 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 4

Production methods of antikaon-mediated bound nuclear cluster Ø stopped K- reactions on light nuclei Ø in-flight K- reactions Ø protons on proton (or light nuclei) Ø heavy ion collisions necessary: • dedicated experiments • exclusive measurement 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 5

Planned experiments Ø the future experiments in Japan at J-PARC will produce kaonic nuclear states only with K--induced reactions inflight (E 15; E 17) Ø alternative approaches followed at GSI with FOPI using proton-nucleus collisions at beam energies close to the strangeness production threshold and with nucleus collisions Ø a dedicated facility – AMADEUS at DA NE will study antikaon-mediated bound nuclear systems with K- induced reactions at rest 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 6

Experimental programme AMADEUS phase-1 (1) • study of the (most) fundamental antikaon deeply bound nuclear systems, the kaonic dibaryon states: pp. K- and (pn. K-) produced in a 3 He gas target, in formation and decay processes • as next step, the kaonic 3 -baryon states: ppn. K- and pnn. Kproduced in a 4 He gas target, in formation and decay processes 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 7

Experimental programme AMADEUS phase-1 (2) • Low-energy charged kaon cross section on p, d, He-3 and He-4, for K- momentum lower than 100 Me. V/c (missing today); • The K- nuclear interactions in Helium (poorly known – based on one paper from 1970 …) • Properties of L and charged S´s for example decays in channels with a neutrino → astrophysics implications (cooling of compact stars) • Resonance states as L(1405) or the S(1385) could be better understood with high statistics; their behaviour in nuclear medium can be studied, too. 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 8

Analysis of a sub-set of the KLOE data (Oton Vazquez Doce) Ø excellent feasibility test 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 9

AMADEUS plans AMADEUS phase-1: start after KLOE-2 step 0 (2011), with the study of di- and tri-baryon kaonic nuclei and low-energy kaon-nucleon/nuclei interactions AMADEUS phase-2: after 2012 , higher integrated luminosity, refined study of di- and tri-baryon kaonic nuclei; extend to other nuclei, …. 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 10

AMADEUS setup 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 11

AMADEUS @ KLOE 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 12

AMADEUS @ KLOE 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 13

AMADEUS – version 2 Tracking device: TPC-GEM or 3 -4 C-GEMs Kaon trigger: Scint. fibers with Si. PMs 38 LNF - Scientific Committee Target system: cylindrical cryogenic cell 14 in vacuum chamber

AMADEUS activities Ø KLOE data - feasibility analyses Ø EU – Hadron Physics 2 Ø AMADEUS physics case and setup definition; MCarlo simulations Ø R&D for AMADEUS setup: Si. PM and TPC – GEM Ø Slow Controls and DAQ – with KLOE Ø Neutron efficiency of KLOE Calorimeter - KLONE v Agreement between KLOE and AMADEUS 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 15

Activities within the EU 7 th Framework Programme Hadron Physics 2 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 16

SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Capacities Specific Programme Research Infrastructures Networking Activities Transnational Access Activities Joint Research Activities 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 17

Low Energy Antikaon-Nucleon (Nucleus) Interaction Studies

Joint. GEM Ultra-light and ultra-large tracking system based on GEM technology WP 24

Joint. GEM OBJECTIVES The next generation of experiments in hadron physics aims at studying rare processes with drastically improved sensitivity. The technical requirements to reach this goal include high beam intensities and luminosities, fast detectors with large acceptance and high resolution. KLOE 2 and AMADEUS at DAFNE-LNF, Frascati, Italy, and PANDA and CBM at FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany. An essential part of all these experiments is a detector for charged particles with excellent tracking capabilities covering large areas or volumes with an extremely low material budget in order not to spoil the energy and mass resolution of the apparatus. 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 22

GEM – TPC working places General: Resistors: Material tests Concept Availability, Delivery QA & Selection (Aging, Geometry) GEM: Cu@Kapton® (2 C) Structure: GR-PBT Outgasing/Aging (GRP support) Tooling & Manufacturing Purchase & Delivery (Timescale) Sensors: Read out concept Slow-Control Integration Several hundred pieces FEE: Basic concept Supply Setup / Tests Cooling: Operation conditions Heat dissipation Temperature Stability Operation: Heat-Shielding/-Flow. Detection 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 23

Cylindrical – GEM for KLOE G. Bencivenni, LNF FEE inner tracker 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 24

38 LNF - Scientific Committee 25

R&D for AMADEUS setup Ø trigger system 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 26

The AMADEUS trigger system • Inner tracker (eventually, a first tracking stage before the DC) • Cilindrical layer of scintillating fibers surrounding the beam pipe to trigger K+ K- in opposite directions • Readout to be done by Si. PM • Target ( A gaseous He target for a first phase of study) target K- • Trigger (1 or 2 layers of Sc. Fi surrounding the interaction point) Trigger system Sc. Fi + Si. PM readout 38 LNF - Scientific Committee K+ 27

Test of different Si. PMs Various Si. PMs were tested at SMI: Hamamatsu: 1 mm 2, 3 mm 2 Photonique: 1 mm 2 Dubna: 1 mm 2, 3 mm 2 Zecotek: 1 mm 2, 3 mm 2 Different characteristics : Number of cells (linearity) Fill factor Q. E. Noise, dark current

Si. PM gain (Vbias, T) Hamamatsu 3 mm 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 29

Trigger system: Si. PM tests Si. PM (HAMAMATSU U 50) (400 pixels) Operating voltage ~70 V Dedicated fast pre-amplifiers design Gain x 20 – x 100 Small size For a good behavior stability in the applied voltage with great precision is needed for every single detector. Electronics: New CAMAC modules providing: • Variable Vbias for 5 channels with a stability for nominal voltages below 1 m. V • 2 output / channel: -Amplified (x 50 -x 100) signal -Discriminated signal (variable threshold) Designed by G. Corradi, D. Tagnani, C. Paglia 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 30

Trigger system: Sc. Fi + Si. PM setup New mechanical support for 5 Sc. Fi read from both sides 10 Si. PM + readout card Precission support for efficiencies studies November, 2008 Instrumented fibers: - Pol. Hi. Tech 46 (Blue ) - Saint Gobain BCF- 10 single cladding: -Emission peak 432 nm -Decay time 2, 7 ns -1/e 2. 2 m -80000 ph. /Me. V 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 31

Trigger system tests: installation at DAΦNE Installation of AMADEUS trigger test setup in DAΦNE 22 -24 January 2009 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 32

Kaon peak around ch 1600 ADC channel 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 33

R&D for AMADEUS setup Ø inner tracker 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 34

Why GEM-based TPC detector for the inner tracker of AMADEUS Time projection chamber (TPC) with its very light material budget has been successfully used as central tracker and particle identification device in a large number of experiments. Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector has great potential to improve TPC performances : § high rate-capability, § ion feedback reduction, § great robustness and long-term stability intense R&D activity on GEM- based TPC 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 35

AMADEUS requirements & challenges Ø almost full solid angle coverage around the interaction area Two cylinders TPGs along the beam direction: Inner & Outer radius =15 & 23 cm; Length = 15 cm Ø resolving complex pattern of multiple tracks Hexagonal Pad of 2 or 3 mm radius (8 or 3. 5 kch. ) Ø good spatial resolution x-y ≤ 800 m & z ≤ 300 m Ø high momentum resolution of reconstructed trajectories p/p 1 % (with DC of KLOE) Ø minimal detector material (X 0 <1 %) for low multiple scattering 0. 5% X 0 total radiation length (2 walls + gas) Ø high rate capability > 50 MHz/cm 2 (*) measured (*) M. Poli Lener, Ph. D Thesis, CERN-THESIS-2006 -13 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 36

Prototype design Drift electrode Cylindrical Field Cage (drift length from 5 to 15 cm) G 10 gas-tightness box components 3 framed GEM (10 x 10 cm 2 active area ) Anode Read-out (hexagonal pads) Drawing by C. Capoccia 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 37

Test beam setup @ BTF 16 channels for each board FEE electronics BTF beam Calorimiter The TPG chamber has been constructed by F. Murtas in the framework of experiment IMAGEM – INFN – CSN 5 for beam diagnostic purpose box cross section Each FFE channel based on ADSQ chip was sent to a multi-hit TDC in order to record the leading edge (time hit) and the width of each signal The noise rate was <10 Hz @ thr=200 m. V on the whole detector (64 pads) beam 4 cm The calorimeter signal was used to discriminate the number of electrons - Scientific Committee 38 LNF 38

TPG Beam Test results Drift velocity for the Ar/CO 2/CF 4 (45/15/40) gas mixture has been measured in two different ways Moving the detector in z Vd = (1. 25 ± 0. 03) cm/ s @ 300 V/cm, T=24°C, P= 993 mbar 300 V/cm, T=24 °C, P= 993 mbar § Garfield Simulation § Experimental measurement Drift Field (V/cm) z position (cm) Drift velocity estimated by Garfield = (1. 29 ± 0. 01 ) cm/ s @ Velocity Drift (cm/ s) Time (ns) Changing drift field The results agree with Garfield simulation 39 38 LNF - Scientific Committee

Beam pipe - studies 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 40

Study on possible solution for beam-pipe (thanks to Giancarlo Sensolini and Sandro Tomassini) 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 41

KLOE - AMADEUS 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 42

Collaboration between AMADEUS and KLOE Collaboration already started: • analysis of the KLOE data - O. Vazquez Doce • SLOW Control and DAQ -A. d’Uffizi • KLOE-2 electronics - D. Tagnani, M. Bazzi • KLONE - C. Curceanu, M. Iliescu, F. Sirghi Agreement KLOE – AMADEUS signed February 2, 2009 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 43

Agreement KLOE – AMADEUS Agreement between Collaborations for collaboration in the maintenance and upgrade of the KLOE detector between the KLOE Collaboration (Fabio Bossi, Spokesperson KLOE-2) and the AMADEUS Collaboration (Catalina Curceanu, Co-chair, Johann Zmeskal, Co-chair) 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 44

• 2 technical KLOE – AMADEUS meetings: - March 23, 2009 - April 29, 2009 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 45

Ø There is a team from AMADEUS (about 10 persons from LNF, 3 from Vienna and 2 from Bucharest) to start working with KLOE on the following items. Responsible persons from AMADEUS are: • Trigger - Alessandro Scordo • Gas system - Marco Poli Lener • Drift Chamber - Oton Vazquez Doce • Calorimeter – Florin Sirghi • DAQ - Michael Cargnelli and Antonio Romero Vidal • Slow control - Alessandro d'Uffizi • Monitoring (root) - Shinji Okada 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 46

AMADEUS § implementation plan § beam time 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 47

Preparation, implementation plan and rollin proposal 2009 and 2010: take part to KLOE maintenance, roll-in and data taking (training) Ø AMADEUS R&D, construction, tests and assembly the R&D for AMADEUS , construction, assembly and tests have to be finished within 2010 Ø roll-in of AMADEUS roll-in in 2011, compatible with KLOE end of step 0 Ø AMADEUS DAQ for an integrated luminosity of about 4 fb-1 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 48

Beam time request for AMADEUS Phase-1 • 2 fb-1 of integrated luminosity with He 4 target in order to study the tri-baryon DBKNS • 1 -2 fb-1 of integrated luminosity with He 3 target in order to study the di-baryon DBKNS • 0. 5 fb-1 of integrated luminosity for low-energy kaonnuclear dedicated measurements → an overall integrated luminosity of 3. 5 - 4 fb-1 With the luminosity upgrade of DA NE, the machine could deliver at least 500 pb-1/month, which means that the overall AMADEUS Phase-1 programme could be completed in about 10 months (considering installation). 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 49

International Workshop on Hadronic Atoms and Kaonic Nuclei solved puzzles, open problems and future challenges in theory and experiment October 12 -16, 2009 ECT*, Trento, Italy 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 50

Thank you 38 LNF - Scientific Committee 51