ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES 1. Sun energy 2. Wind energy 3. Rivers energy
Recently, interest in the use of solar energy is sharply zbilshyvsya. Mozhlyvosti direct use of solar energy; although most of the energy that falls on Earth is solar, and the bulk of it concentrated in the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
Potential possibilities of using direct solar energy is very high. If we can use 0. 0125% of this energy, humanity would be fully developed energy now, and the use of 0. 5% would be fully covered all the needs of humanity forever (if we assume that the world's population will not exceed 20 billion).
It is clear that there are various factors that limit the power of solar energy. Except for resursoyemkosti still a problem area. For example, if the year 2100, humanity fully ensure its energy needs from the sun, the collector area should be as high as 1. 3 million. Km 2. Also bezposerednye use of solar energy requires large amounts of labor: to produce 1 MWh year will need 10 to 40 thousand. Man-hours. At the same time in the traditional energy sector, the figure is less in 50 -80 times.
So now more and should not talk about large-scale use of sunlight. Of course, resort and remote regions of the grid solar power may be necessary, but the overall share of solar energy is extremely low. And why build and collector if in nature there are much larger and more powerful collector: atmosphere and hydrosphere?
The energy of air masses, constantly moving, hundreds of times the reserves of hydropower all the rivers of the planet. Everywhere on earth and constantly blowing winds from a light breeze to powerful hurricanes. These winds could fully meet the needs of humanity.
Mankind uses wind energy for more than 5 thousand. Years. Originally used the wind to propel the boat, then - to grind grain and to lift water. Now the wind is used for electricity production. The most successful can be considered a project to build wind turbines in Hawaii ostrovi. Skorish likely permanent rise in prices for fuel resources make such projects more profitable, and subsequently increase the share of "wind" electricity.
Many of the millennium is the right person to the energy contained in flowing water. Tsieyi huge energy reserves. People have learned to use this energy before everyone else. When it was day electricity, water wheel revived again, but now in the form of water turbine. We can say that back in 1891 began the era of hydropower. Hydroelectric power plants have many advantages: continuously reducing energy reserve, ease of use, the relative lack of environmental contamination.
So full transition to extract energy from river flows only be no less dangerous than the use of fuel resources. We can speak only a partial energy use rivers in places where regular flooding are real natural disasters. In regions such dangerous flooding using dams are converted to useful energy. EXAMPLES As can result in a cascade of dams corporation "TVA" on the river Tennessee, USA. 51 Dam protect arable land. 38 of them are hydroelectric. The construction of these dams conduct agricultural activities was almost impossible.
