ALLOPHONESis a unit of norm which registrates the

ALLOPHONESis a unit of norm which registrates the realization of certain phonemes in speech.

Types of allophones : principle; typical; subsidiary.

: Principle allophones The allophones which don’t undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech (they are the closest to the phoneme) Eg. [t] -> [to: k]

Typical allophones: The English phoneme [d] when it is not affected by the articulation of the preceding of the following sound is : closive, fore-lingual, apical, alveolar. Eg. door, down.

Subsidiary allophones: There are some predictable changes in the articulation of allophones that occur under the influence of the neighboring sounds in different phonetic situations. Eg: [d] – occlusive plosive stop, fore lingual, apical-alveolar, voiced lenis (the phoneme) [do: ], [dog] – the principal allophones [d] is slightly palatalized before front vowels and [j]: [ded], [did ju: ] without plosion before another stop: [gud dei], [bad pain] with nasal plosion before nasal sonorants [m], [n]: [‘s^nd] before [l] a literal plosion: [midl] followed by “r” – [post alveolar [d]: [dr^m] before interdental sounds it becomes dental: [bredth] when followed by [w] it becomes labialized: [dwel] in word final position it’s partly devoiced: [ded]

Allophones are subdivided into: positional combinatory C. : clearly due to the influence of the neighboring sounds(assimilation, accommodation) eg: eight, although- alveolar; p. : used in the definite positions traditionally: when [l] is followed by the sound [i], [l] is always clear. But it is dark in the word final position & before the consonant. eg: field, feel.

Thank you for your attention! Zarifullina Alina 872(1 e)