AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC – An example of adoption of EU air monitoring requirements in new MSs Jaroslav Fiala, European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6, Copenhagen Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
Air pollution in CR in last period • Before 1990 the Czech Republic belonged to the most polluted areas in Europe (northern Bohemia - Black Triangle, Silesia) • Democratic changes in the beginning of 90’s led to adoption of environmentally friendly legislation and enforced substantial improvement of the environment in CR SO 2 Þ Restructuring of economy (decline from heavy industry, liberalisation of prices of energy …) Þ Implementation of necessary abatement measures (desulphurization, use of low NOx-burners and particle filters at large power plants, gasification, reduction of emissions from cars. . . ) PM Þ Air emissions and consequently ambient air concentrations of basic pollutants (SO 2, PM and NOx) decreased remarkably in the Czech Republic after 1990 Þ Air quality monitoring and air quality assessment was substantially improved after 1990 TSP Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
Air quality monitoring in CR in 1992 -2002 + Air Quality Monitoring Networks Backbone Network of Automated Stations Number of air pollution monitoring sites measuring basic pollutants Integrated Air Quality Information System of the Czech Republic SQL RDBMS (Oracle) + GIS Principles of methods used in the AMS (Automated Monitoring Stations) SO 2 NO 2/NOx Beta –radiometry, TEOM Ozone Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 Chemiluminescence PM 10/SPM Number of monitoring sites measuring specific pollutants, UV- fluorescence UV - absorbance CO IR – correlation spectrometry C 6 H 6 / BTX Chromatography The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
EU Enlargement and the environment • • The process of EU Enlargement was an additional important stimulus for further improvement of the environment in Candidate Countries The accession process required an adoption of the European environmental legislation => Transposition and implementation of EU legislation into the national legislation Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
Adoption of EU AQ legislation • • • By 2002 the Czech Republic transposed and implemented more than a dozen of EU AQ related directives and regulations: • Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) directive • National Emission Ceiling directive • Air Emissions related directives In ambient air quality it covered a transposition and implementation of: • Framework Directive 96/62/EC • Daughter Directives 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC • Exchange of Information (Eo. I) Decision 97/101/EC Approximation of EU legislation led in the Candidate Countries to the adoption and innovation of air pollution protection legislation – clean air acts Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
Harmonization of air quality monitoring • Daughter Directives (99/30/EC, 2000/69/EC, 2002/3/EC) specify detailed minimum requirements concerning: • • minimum numbers of monitoring sites in zones and agglomerations basic requirements and site selection criteria both at micro- and macro-scale – traffic/kerb sites data quality objectives general requirements for AQ assessment procedures • During the year 2003 the national air quality monitoring network was innovated and optimised reflecting requirements of the EU AQ legislation • • • Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 optimisation of existing networks (reduction of number of automated station from 96 to about 70) installation of new kerbside / traffic stations in agglomerations monitoring of PM 2. 5 , new instrumentation for PM 10 and PM 2. 5 extension of monitoring of benzene (BTX) improvement of monitoring of heavy metals (ICP-AAS/MS) and PAHs The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
Innovated national air quality monitoring § § § § Operated by CHMI as the authorized organization About 70 automated monitoring stations throughout the territory of the Czech Republic On-line data transmission from stations using radio communication About 40 manual stations (PAHs, HMs. . ) Actual information for public and state administration Location and classification of the stations according to Eo. I and DDs Monitored compounds • sulphur dioxide • nitrogen dioxide / nitrogen oxides • PM 10 • PM 2. 5 • carbon monoxide • benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) • ozone • heavy metals • PAHs and chemical composition of precipitation Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
How are monitoring data used? Air quality assessment in the Czech Republic Air quality assessment should: • • • determine status of air quality in comparison with political targets identify trends/tendencies of pollutant concentrations analyse spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations to: • classify air quality in zones and agglomerations • identify areas for abatement measures • estimate population and ecosystem exposure to air pollution Reports and outputs • • Annual reports: - Air Quality in the Czech Republic - Air Quality in Data www. chmi. cz - So. ER of the Czech Republic Reporting air quality and summer ozone data to EU/EEA according to Eo. I (97/101/EC) and 2002/3/EC • • Reporting of air quality in zones and agglomerations Reporting of plans and programs Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
European AQ monitoring networks EUROPEAN EXCHANGE OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING METAINFORMATION IN 2004; ETC/ACC Technical paper 2006/- Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
How are Airbase data used ? • • • Reports: Air Quality in Europe Environmental Signals So. EOR • http: //reports. eea. europa. eu/ • EEA Core Set of Indicators http: //themes. eea. europa. eu/Environmental_issues/air_quality/indicators • Structural indicators • Summer Ozone Reports http: //reports. eea. europa. eu/index_table? sort=Thematically#air_quality • Street Emission Ceilings – Air pollution at street level http: //reports. eea. europa. eu/technical_report_2006_1/en • • Guidance documents – EU policy support (PM PP) Eo. I Reports Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
Thank you for your attention ! More information: www. eea. europa. int Geneva 12 – 14 June 2006 The 6 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment UN ECE
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