Air pollution
20 000 deaths per year in Europe 75% of Ukrainians lifes are in danger 8 000 deaths a day all over the world 3 000 deaths per year all over the world
Air pollution is … emission of matter, that cause discomfort, disease etc. to living organisms or damage natural environment
Primary Pollutants Form in the air during transformation of primary pollutants Are directly emitted from a process • SOX • NOX • CO Secondary Both primary and secondary Could be either emitted directly or form in the air • CO 2 • Particulate matter (formed from gaseous primary pollutants) • Ground level ozone
Major primary pollutants • • • Sulphur oxides Nitrogen oxides Carbon monoxide Toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cu) Radioactive pollutants
Secondary pollutants • Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants “Smog” = Smoke + fog • Ground level ozone NOX + VOCs (Volatile organic compounds) O 3
Effects on health Cardiovascular health Pulmonary disease and asthma Cystic fibrosis Cancer
Pulmonary disease and asthma The risk of developing asthma increases due to increasing of traffic-related air pollution. The main high-risk group is truck drivers.
Cystic fibrosis Particulate matter increases the risk of pulmonary exacerbations and decreases the lung function. Moreover everyday smoke, tobacco, auto emissions further compromise it.
Cancer Emission of PM 2. 5 (particular matter with particles smaller than 2. 5 micrometers) is a risk factor for cancer. High concentration of nitrogen oxides increases the incidence of cancer to several times. The influence is higher for non-smokers.
Cardiovascular health Air pollution is a risk factor for stroke, especially for people in developing countries. Increases the sickness rate of ischemic desease.
A bit more of numbers 1% reduction of ambient PM 2. 5 and ozone concentrations would produce a $29 000 in annual savings only in a small Vancouver region (that is the valuation of lethal and illness effects)