AGRICULTURE IN NORTHWESTERN RUSSIA By Olga Chupliak
1. Agriculture in North- Western Russia 2. Development after 1990 3. A comparison between East and West 4. Privatization 5. Future developments
1. Agriculture in North- Western Russia The distribution of agricultural land in NW Russia, 1992 51% 60% Kaliningrad area 51% 60% Leningrad area Pskov area 73% Leningrad area Total area 8, 600 ths ha Kaliningrad area Total area 1, 300 ths ha 5% 51% 60% 16% Kaliningrad area Leningrad area Ploughed field Pskov area 73% Novgorod area Total area 5, 500 ths ha Un-ploughed field Non-arable land 79% Pskov area Total area 5, 500 ths ha
The composition of crops, %, 1994. 0% 51% Kaliningrad 60% area Leningrad 60% area Pskov Kaliningrad area Leningrad area Pskov area 73% Leningrad area Kaliningrad area 73% 0% 51% 60% 25% Kaliningrad area Leningrad Grain crops Industrial crops area Pskov 55% 13% 73% Novgorod area 7% Pskov area Potatoes and vegetables Fodder crops
2. Development after 1990 Among the Baltic States, the Kaliningrad area is now in last place regarding many yield in dices. Among Russian regions the Pskov area produces higher quantities per capita regarding many kinds of production and has the best indices of productivity.
3. A comparison between East and West In considering crop yield, this area has less than half that of the western European countries, still agricultural production consumes considerably more natural re sources.
4. Privatization The great increase in the quan tityof private farms did not result in a corresponding increase in quality in every region. The weak provision of resources and ability to compete led to a rapid decrease in production and the formation of new private farms.
The proportion of milk and meat prodaction from collective farms, 1994 78% 80% 73% 70% 60% 54% 51% 50% 42% 40% Milk prodaction Meat prodaction 30% 20% 10% 0% Kaliningrad area Leningrad area Pskov area
5. Future developments To enable stable agricultural development, a series of regional level programmes has been pre pared containing economic, social and ecological measures to enable the stabilization and further dy namic development of production.
The means of achieving sustainable development in agriculture are essentially different from those in the developed countries of Europe. It is possible to stress: subdivision of large farms and development of petty-goods farms; intensification of agricultural production, leading to an in creasein the proportion of ar able fields, the number of ag ricultural machines and the amount of fertilizers and pes ticides; development of specialization in farms and the use of mono cultures.
The prognosis of development shows that the adaptation of ag riculture to market conditions in the countries with transition eco nomics is slower than in the in dustrial sector.
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