Age of Imperialism What is Imperialism

Age of Imperialism

What is Imperialism ? Imperialism is extending the authority of a nation through territorial acquisition, economic policies or political actions. The ideology divided Americans at the end of the 19 th century and in the early 20 th century.

Age of Imperialism What does Imperialism look like? How would we recognize it today toda

Age of Imperialism Five types of imperialism: Social Political Economic Military Ideological

Imperialism • US Recovering from the wounds of the Civil war • Developing economic strength with industrialization and prosperity • Experiencing population increase • Showing confidence on the world stage • Desiring greater world influence

Age of US Imperialism Isolation Expansion

Age of US Imperialism Taste of Expansion Commodore Perry “opens up” Japan under the Treaty of Kanagawa – 1854 • Japan Agrees to help shipwrecked sailors • Allowed America to trade in 2 ports

Age of US Imperialism Why expand? • US had always expanded. How? • International competition for raw materials. With which countries? Why? • New markets for US goods. Which goods? • Racial Superiority – “White man’s burden” • Convert & civilize savages to our way of life • Nationalism - glory of having a strong nation.

Age of Imperialism Based on the reasons jus shown for American expansion. . . Who in America would have supported the concept of imperialism?

Age of US Imperialism 4 Supporters of Expansion • Sen. Albert Beveridge – Indiana - farm exports • Minister Josiah Strong – “Divinely Commissioned” • Captain Alfred Mahan – book “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” • Theodore Roosevelt – Secretary of Navy “All great races of history have been conquering races. ”

Age of US Imperialism Secretary of State William Seward “Asia is Important” Why? Politically? Economically? Militarily? • Take over Midway Is. • Buy Alaska “Seward’s Folly”

Age of US Imperialism Looking Toward Asia Mahan said we need bases in Asia in order to be powerful. • Protection of sea lanes • Refueling stops Conquest of Islands • Samoa – used with Brits & Germany • Hawaii – Missionaries came – Investors came Queen Liliuokalani gives up after US sends army.

How did the USA become involved in Imperialism? US Economic interests had expanded to Hawaii and Cuba Spain was in control of Cuba , did not permit democracy & that was not good for business.

Age of US Imperialism & Cuba US always interested in Cub Influence in Asia History of. Rebellion Spain Boxer rebellion vs. due to slavery/oppression “Righteous Fists After 1886 Americans inves of Harmony” millions in sugar plantations Jose`rid ofleads another Get Marti Western rebellion in 1895 – damages people in Asia. American sugar interests. Support Spain & sugar bus. or the revolutionaries?

Spain Responds America Debates Gen. Valeriano Weyler impriso thousands – concentration cam Hearst’s “Journal “ & Pulitzer’s “World “ Reporting -Yellow Journalism exaggerating details of brutalit brutali in Cuba to get new readers. “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war!”

Causes of the War Roosevelt wants war – sends t fleet to Philippines , ‘just in cas to take Spanish Navy out early de. Lome Letter – Spanish Diplo criticizes Mc. Kinley as weak. Inflames the US public. Mc. Kinley sends USS Maine to protect US citizens and proper Maine explodes in Havana harb Yellow Journalism feeds the fir

US Declares War Remember the Maine! Philippines – 1 st fighting - Adm George Dewey destroys the Spanish Fleet at Manila. Marines & rebels under leade Emilio Aguinaldo beat Spanish In Cuba, US blockades harbor Forces invade w/17, 000 troop two African American Regime TR & Rough Riders – Kettle Hi H San Juan Hill

Results of the War Only 379 men died in fighting – over 5100 died of tropical diseas Treaty of Paris – 1898 - Cuba becomes independent - US gets Guam, Puerto Rico - US pays Spain $20 Million to take over the Philippines.

American Influence Grows Treaty of Paris – 1898 Puerto Rico a “territory” – helps guard Caribbean. Cuba a “protectorate” – Teller Amendment to US War Resolu – no annexation of Cuba. Platt Amendment to Cuban Constitut Cuban “Musts”… - No treaties limiting independence - No Cuban debt - US could intervene if necessary - US could buy or lease land for “coaling” stations

Why the Platt Amendment? What are 2 reasons why the US insisted on Platt? 1) Protect Business in Cuba 2) Use Military Power when necessary in Central America

US Flexes Muscles in the Philippines …many believe unjustly. Filipinos Rebel – believe the US promised them independence Emilio Aguinaldo leads revolt a is captured in 1901. US spends millions ending it. Makes it a US ‘territory’ with William Howard Taft as Govern

Why Were Philippines So Important? Politically & Militarily? International Politics calls the ability to ‘project powe Philippines provides a nav base. Economically? Philippines were the ‘gateway’ to the Far East f trade.

Imperialism in China “Spheres of Influence” • Britain • France • Germany • Russia • Japan All had special trade in China, US was left out. “Open Door Policy” European powers & Russia should let the US have the same access to trade in China. John Hay new Secretary of State

“Boxer” Rebellion - China Righteous Fists of Harmony Opposed to foreign influenc Killed missionaries, Chines converts to Christianity and foreigners. US, Britain, France, Germa Japan combine to stop it.

Building the Panama Canal 1904 -1914 1904 – Roosevelt pushes for canal across Central Americ Nicaragua vs. Panama ? Panama route shorter – chos But Columbia, which owned Panama, wouldn’t sell land. Negotiations broke down.

Taking the Canal Zone “I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on, t canal does also. ” Theodore Roosev Roose • Roosevelt sends USS Nashville to Pana • Prevents Columbia from stopping rebe • Panama declares Independence from Columbia • US recognizes the new nation & gets r of passage to canal & perpetual contr over the zone.