AEROSOL ADHESIVES AND AMREP A Brief Overview of

AEROSOL ADHESIVES AND AMREP A Brief Overview of History, Chemistry and Issues Presented to the California Air Resources Board 11/8/99

Who is Amrep? • One of the largest manufacturers of both branded and private label chemical programs in the USA • Marketer to the Industrial and Institutional, Automotive Aftermarket, Water Treatment, and Consumer Products/Retail business segments • Not a contract filler -- we provide programs to our customers competitively and at values exceeding alternate sources of supply on a total turnkey basis • One of the few manufacturers who can truly be a “one stop shop” for many distributors and retailers with aerosols, liquids, and lubricants in the product line

History of Amrep The business began independently as: l Aero Mist, founded in 1969 as an aerosol manufacturer in Atlanta, GA l Research Products, founded in 1960 as a bulk liquid manufacturer in Dallas, TX Aero Mist and Research Products merged in 1979 to form AMREP l Arrow Grease and Oil of Dallas, TX was acquired in 1987 adding a complete line of lubricants l MBL Industries of Santa Ana, CA another aerosol manufacturer, was acquired in 1987 completing the acquisitions to date

The Environmental Amrep • We have been recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency as a successful participant in the 33/50 Program -- a voluntary reduction of emissions at all of our manufacturing plants • We were one of the first companies to enable their customers to comply with the 1991 Clean Air Act by providing alternative products to chlorinated solvents and other ozone depleting substances • We currently offer only two products with any ODP (HCFC 141 b) and will phase out methylene chloride in 2000 • We utilize an on site, state-of-the-art waste stream reduction system reduce hydrocarbon waste and emissions - an industry first • Our packaging is made from recycled material containing, recyclable, components

Capabilities - Aerosols • 140 stocked aerosol formulas for institutional, industrial, and consumer applications • Marietta, GA facility is 150, 000 sq. . ft. with 2 high speed rotary fill and 1 in-line fill production lines • 2000 capacity is approximately 45 -50 million cans • Equipped for natural hydrocarbon and synthetic liquefied gas propellants as well as all compressed gas propellants but not equipped for DME (safety, setbacks) • Aerosol adhesives comprise over 10% of sales and is the largest single product category for AMREP

AMREP Aerosol Adhesives Seven formulations are offered each for a specific technology and/or application All are solvent based nonchlorinated with hyrdocarbon propellant • • PS Repositionable Mist PS HD General Purpose Mist PS LD General Purpose Web PS HD Foam and Fabric Web High Heat Trim Web Contact Cement

Typical Applications • MOTOR VEHICAL TRIM/ACCESSORIES • FURNITURE ASSEMBLY • ASBESTOS/LEAD ABATEMENT CONTAINMENT CONSTRUCTION • SCREEN PRINTING AND EMBROIDERY • • ARTS & CRAFTS HVAC/INSULATION GRAPHIC ARTS GENERAL INDUSTRIAL ASSEMBLY LINE • GENERAL CONSTRUCTION • ETCETERA AND VARIED

Basic Chemical Composition • • • POLYMER TACKIFYING RESINS ADDITIVES SOLVENT PROPELLANT

Types of Rubber Used • • • SIS - STYRENE-ISOPRENE-STYRENE SBS - STYRENE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE SBR - STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER EVA - ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE NEOPRENE (POLYCHLOROPRENE)

Tackifying Resins • ROSIN ESTERS • HYDROCARBON RESINS • TERPENE RESINS

Typical Additives • ANTIOXIDANTS • PLASTICIZERS • HEAT STABILIZERS AND BLOCK PROTECTORS END

Solvent Options Available • CHLORINATED – METHYLENE CHLORIDE • VOC EXEMPT, OSHA REGULATED, PROP 65, PHASING OUT – 1, 1, 1 -TRICHLOROETHANE • VOC EXEMPT, ODP, NO LONGER PRODUCED – OXSOL • HIGH COST, HIGH ODOR, SLOW DRYING

Solvent Options Available (CONT. ) • FLAMMABLE – HEXANE, HEPTANE, CYCLOHEXANE, ACETONE • VOC, NFPA FLAMMABILITY RATING 3, FAST DRYING, LOW ODOR – TOLUENE • VOC, HIGH ODOR, PROP 65, SLOW DRYING

Solvent Options Available (CONT. ) l OTHER – HYDORFLUOROETHERS (HFE) • EXPENSIVE, POOR SOLUBILITY, GOOD TOXICITY, NO ODP – HYDROFLUORCARBONS (HFC) • EXPENSIVE, POOR SOLUBILITY, GOOD TOXICITY, NO ODP – WATER • SIMPLY NOT FEASIBLE IN AEROSOL APPLICATION DUE TO POOR CHOICE OF MATERIALS AVAILABLE, UNACCEPTABLE SPRAY PATTERNS, UNACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE, AND LACK OF EFFICIENT DRY TIME

Solvent Options Available (CONT. ) • OTHER CONT. – N-PROPYL BROMIDE • • EXPENSIVE BUT PRICE DROPPING/SUPPLY INCREASING AVAILABILITY STILL A QUESTION AS USAGE INCREASES POSSIBLE TOXICITY ISSUES YET TO BE CONFIRMED ESSENTIALLY NO ODP, NO HAP, RCRA, SARA, NESHAPS NO PROP 65 CLASSIFICATION SLIGHT ODOR, EXCELLENT SOLUBILITY SNAP: APPROVAL PENDING CURRENTLY VOC BUT UNDER REVIEW FOR DELISTING

Propellant Options • HYDROCARBON – – – VOC A-108, A-70, A-46, ETC. LIMITED SOLUBILITY • DME – VOC – SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIRED – SPECIAL VALVES – GOOD SOLUBILITY • HFC-134 a – – VOC EXEMPT EXPENSIVE AVAILABILITY POOR SOLUBILITY • HFC-152 a – – VOC EXEMPT EXPENSIVE AVAILABILITY POOR SOLUBILITY

Summary of Issues on Approaches to Lower VOC Aerosol Adhesives • Higher Solids - limited feasibility due to sensitivity of spray patterns, mechanical capabilities of valves, solubility sensitivity • Higher non-VOC Solvent Content - lack of availability, impact on dry time, cost, performance, and solubility concerns • Higher non-VOC Propellant Content - availability concerns, cost impact, greater solubility issues than hydrocarbons • Leading Edge Materials - position on acceptability and availability not definitive enough for 2002 implementation • Conclusions?

Conclusions • VOC LEVELS LOWER THAN 60%-50% – REQUIRE EXTENSIVE RESEARCH FOR THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ADHESIVES (SOME MORE DIFFICULT) – MOST LIKELY NOT COST EFFECTIVE FOR MANY CATEGORIES – MAY NOT MEET GENERAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS – MAY INVOLVE “HAZARD TRADING”: LOWER VOC FOR ? ? ? – LEVELS MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE FOR ALL APPLICATION AREAS – BELOW 25% LIKELY NOT ACHIEVABLE FOR ANY AREAS UNLESS BREAKTHROUGH MATERIAL IS AVAILABLE – WATER-BASED SIMPLY NOT AN OPTION IN AEROSOL