Adverbs Practice Makes Perfect Adverbs We use

Adverbs Practice Makes Perfect!

Adverbs We use adverbs in the following cases: To tell us more about actions (verbs). They show how, where or when something is done. E. g. She walked slowly. To relate to other adverbs. E. g. Dan went quite quickly past the house. To relate to adjectives. They may strengthen or weaken the adjectives. E. g. She had a terribly difficult day. To relate to whole sentences. E. g. Luckily it didn’t rain yesterday.

Types of Adverbs Manner quietly, fast, gently, slowly, well Place away, down, anywhere, round, there Time daily, monthly, tomorrow, immediately, now Frequency often, frequently, sometimes, always, never Whole Sentence obviously, perhaps, possibly, luckily Degree quite, very, hardly, rather, completely

Adverbs and Adjectives Most adverbs are formed by adding –ly or –ally to the adjective, and have almost the same meaning as the adjective. E. g. sad – sadly, quiet – quietly, slow – slowly. There adjectives and adverbs that also have the same meaning, but are not formed by adding –ly. E. g. good - well Some adverbs and adjectives have the same form and meaning. E. g. fast, hard, late, early. David had a fast car. (adj) Dan works fast on the computer. (adv) Some adverbs have a different meaning from the adjective they are related to. E. g. bare – barely, short – shortly, scare – scarely. It was a short story. (adjective meaning brief) The teacher will arrive shortly. (adverb meaning soon)

Adverbs and Adjectives Some adverbs have two forms: one often corresponds to the adjective (hard – hard) and the other with –ly has a completely different meaning (hard- hardly) E. g. A hard toffee broke her tooth. (adjective meaning solid / firm) She works hard. (adverb meaning with great effort) There were hardly any people there. (adverb meaning almost none) Sometimes the similarity between these adverbs and adjectives causes confusion. Look at this list: flatly deeply closely highly lately lastly freely hardly

Adverbs and Adjectives After certain verbs we do not use adverbs. Instead we use adjectives. These verbs are Stative Verbs. They are also called linking verbs because they link the subject with its adjective. Linking verbs are: be feel look taste smell sound appear become get (become) stay E. g. Linda is careful (adjective). Linda drives carefully ( adverb) This cake tastes strange. (adjective) You look great. (adjective) Those flowers smelled wonderful. (adjective)

Adverbs and Adjectives Remember: When well is an adjective, it means “healthy” ØMrs. Cohen looks good. (adj) ØMrs. Broun looks well (healthy – adj) ØTom acts well (adv) ØSteven is a good actor. (adj) ØBritney looks good on the stage. (adj). Be careful: An adverb can be used before an adjective. The adverb does not change even after a linking verb. ØHe was extremely clever. ØHe was extreme in his views. Note: When any of the above verbs refer to an action or activity, they are no longer linking verbs and therefore can be followed by adverbs. ØRan looked carefully before he crossed the road. ØLotan appeared promptly every morning.

Exceptions Adjective Adverb (meaning) good difficult public deep well with difficulty publicly deep (place) deeply (feeling) directly (=soon) hardly (=seldom) high (place) highly (figurative) lately (=recently) mostly (=usually) nearly (=almost) pretty (=rather) prettily(=pleasingly) shortly (=soon) The following adjectives daily, enough, early, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, are also used as monthly, much, straight, weekly, yea adverbs

Spelling Rules For adjectives that end in –y, change the y to i and then add ly. E. g. easy – easily happy - happily For adjectives that end in –e, keep the e before -ly E. g. polite – politely absolute – absolutely But: true – truly For adjectives that end in –le take out the e and then add y. E. g. probable – probably terrible – terribly For adjectives that end in –ic, add –ally E. g. scientific – scientifically specific - specifically

Position of Adverbs Adverb of Manner (e. g. : slowly, carefully, awfully) These adverbs are put behind the direct object (or behind the verb if there's no direct object). Subject Verb(s) Direct object Adverb He drove the carefully. He drove carefully. Adverbs of Place (e. g. : here, there, behind, above) Like adverbs of manner, these adverbs are put behind the direct object or the verb. Subject Verb(s) Direct object Adverb I didn't see him here. He stayed behind.

Position of Adverbs of Time (e. g. : recently, now, then, yesterday) Adverbs of time are usually put at the end of the sentence. Subject Verb(s) Indirect object Direct object Time I will tell you the story tomorrow. If you don't want to put emphasis on the time, you can also put the adverb of time at the beginning of the sentence. . Time Subject Verb(s) Indirect object Direct object Tomorrow I will tell you the story.

Position of Adverbs of Frequency (e. g. : always, never, seldom, usually) Adverbs of frequency are put directly before the main verb. If “be” is the main verb and there is no helping verb, adverbs of frequency are put behind “be”. If there is a helping verb, however, adverbs of frequency are put before 'be'. Subject Auxiliary/be adverb main verb object, place or time I often go swimming in the evenings. He doesn't always play tennis. We are usually here in summer. I have never been abroad.

Degrees of Comparison (-er /-est) Adverbs Comparative Ending in - ER Superlative Ending in -EST one-syllable adverbs (hard) harder hardest Adverbs with the same form as adjectives (early) earlier earliest Comparison (more / most) Adverbs Comparative Formed with MORE Adverbs ending in -ly (happily) more happily Superlative Formed with MOST most happily

Irregular Comparisons Positive Form well badly ill little much far (place + time) far (place) late (time) Comparative better worse less more further farther later Superlative best worst least most furthest farthest latest

Practice Have you learned all the rules? Have you understood the material? Then, do some exercises and reinforce your knowledge! Ex. 1 Ex. 5 Ex. 2 Ex. 6 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Quiz 3 Quiz 4 Now check your knowledge! Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Remember: Practice Makes Perfect!