ADELFE Design AMAS-ML in Action A Case Study

ADELFE Design, AMAS-ML in Action A Case Study SMAC - IRIT – UPS Sylvain Rougemaille, TOULOUSE FRANCE Jean-Paul Arcangeli, Marie-Pierre Gleizes, Frédéric Migeon September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 1

Case Study: Foraging Ant Simple but illustrative example Already developed in our team [Topin 99] Adaptive MAS approach adequacy Behaviours entirely specified Focus on modelling language and transformations Environment: Nest, Obstacles, Ants, Food, Pheromone Goal: foraging ! September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 2

Results Simulation tool 3 man/day Behavior rules 0, 5 man/day Functional Details Speed modulation Food editing Ants managing Zooming September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 3

Outline Problematics Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems Flexible Agent model ADELFE Methodology Model Driven Engineering Model Driven ADELFE Conclusion and Future Works September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 4

Problematics Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems Self-organising systems Support system functional adaptation Flexible Agent model Agent operating mechanisms adaptation Proposition: Combine AMAS and Flexible agent in the design of complex systems Aim: Benefit from both levels and both concerns of adaptation September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 6

AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems) Principles : Global function realized = result of the organizational process between agents Change the organization: change the global function To change the organization: self-organization by cooperation Agents are in a cooperative state = functional adequacy is reached Agents have to be cooperative But there are unwanted situations: Non Cooperative Situations No NCS detected nominal behaviour is performed (local function) NC state (exception or anticipation) cooperation failure recovering September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 7

(Domain Specific) Modelling Language September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 8

Flexible Agent : Implementation Principles Modularity Agent defined as micro-component assembly Re-usability Micro-components constitute reusable units Mediator design pattern The mediator gathers services from micro-components Separation between: Operating mechanisms Agent behaviour Delegation Mediator delegates operating services to behaviour component September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 9

Combining Functional/Operational Adaptation Self-adaptation of the system = cooperation of agents Non Cooperative Situations detection Implementation with flexible agent Agent oriented specific middleware Functional Adaptation Operational Adaptation Agent Classical Learning Approaches Flexible Agent System AMAS approach different kinds of adaptation, different levels of concerns September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 10

Outline Problematics Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems Flexible Agent model ADELFE Methodology Model Driven Engineering Model Driven ADELFE Experiments Analysis Conclusion and Future Works 11

ADELFE Methodology Main characteristics Specific agent-based methodology Exploiting the AMAS Principles → cooperation Open systems, adaptive to changes in the environment For engineers aware of MAS Principles Based on RUP and standard notations (UML, AUML) Top down approach: Analysis phase - identification of agents Bottom up approach: Design phase – agent design Needs Precise and specific concepts to assist the designer’s task Specification of cooperation rules Guidelines for the system implementation September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 12

Model Driven Engineering Aim: ease systems design Promote models as “first class citizen” Models provide abstraction Models define precise concepts for systems design Models are conform to meta-models (defined with MOF (OMG), Ecore (Eclipse)) Automatic treatments Means to assist designers and developers Gather and automate good practices or expertise Support by model transformations (transformation languages: ATL†, Kermeta‡) Allow code generation Domain Specific Modelling Language Dedicated modelling language (concise and specific) Described by a domain meta-model (close to domain experts needs) († http: //www. eclipse. org/m 2 m/atl/) (‡ http: //www. kermeta. org/) September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 13

Outline Problematics Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems Flexible Agent model ADELFE Methodology Model Driven Engineering Model Driven ADELFE Domain Specific Modelling Language Design Implementation Experiments Analysis Conclusion and Future Works September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 14

Domain Specific Modelling Language AMAS-ML : Adaptive Multi-Agent System Modelling Language Dedicated to the specification of : System composition (agents, entity) Agent Cooperative properties Agent Cooperative behaviour µADL : micro-Architecture Description Language Dedicated to the specification of : Specific agent middleware Agent operating mechanisms models September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 15

Model Driven ADELFE (1/2) Design Enhanced Design Phase Use of UML 2. 0 Use of AMAS-ML diagrams to specify : System / environment composition Cooperative agent structure Cooperative agent behaviour: Cooperation and nominal rules Use of model transformations : Link AMAS-ML to UML 2. 0 : Get information from requirements model Express interactions thanks to UML Sequence diagrams September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 16

Model Driven ADELFE (2/2) Implementation phase Wanted result: AMAS Implementation using flexible agent middleware capabilities. Need: to express concerns separation (operational/behavioural) between AMAS concepts. Model transformations are used to: Automate the mapping between AMAS-ML and µADL. Generate agent behaviour code. Make Agent Yourself (MAY) generation tool: Generate specific flexible agent middleware Use µADL model as input September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 17

Transformations Overview 2. AMAS-ML to Java : ATL Transformation 2 queries, 10 helpers, 130 code lines. Example : -- Transforming AMAS Actuator into homonymic mu. ADL Mu. Components. helper context AMAS!Rule def : generate. If. Then. Else(): String = 't/**nt* Generated '+ if self. ocl. Is. Type. Of(AMAS!Cooperative. Rule ) then 'cooperative rule : ' +self. name+' handles '+self. handled. NCSName()+ ' situation : nt* ' +self. description else 'standard rule : ' + self. name endif +' nt*/n' 1. AMAS-ML to µADL : ATL Transformation 12 rules, 5 helpers, 380 code lines. +'tif ('+ self. trigger. condition. generate. Condition ()+'){n' +self. implied. Actions->iterate(a; acc. A: String=''|acc. A+'tt'+a. generate. Action()+'ntt}'); Example : -- Transforming AMAS Actuator into homonymic mu. ADL Mu. Components. rule Actuators 2 Mu. Component{ from actuator : AMAS!Actuator to actuator. Ct: mu. ADL!Mu. Component ( name <- actuator. name, provided <- this. Module. resolve. Temp(actuator, 'provided. Actuator. Interface '), private. Services <- actuator. actions->collect(act|this. Module. resolve. Temp(act, 'service')) ), provided. Actuator. Interface: mu. ADL!Interface ( name <- actuator. name+'I' ) } September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 18

Developer Conclusion Simple, Efficient, Automated Prototype in 3 days, Behaviour part 0, 5 day Ant API, 53 ko, 17 classes, 9 interfaces Environment, 69 ko, 29 classes Behaviour and main, 6 ko, 2 classes API Details Kernel : 4 classes, 1 “markup” interface Agent Generated micro-components : 1 class per each September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 19

AMAS Designer Conclusion New version of ADELFE : Using model driven approach: Specific languages (AMAS-ML, µADL) Model transformations Automations in the development process : Facilitate phases transition (from analysis to design) Allow to bridge generic (UML) and specific (AMAS-ML) modelling Ease the implementation Developers focus on application dependent concerns September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 20

Future Works Improve behavioural design AMAS-ML type system to specify instance values Investigate template based language to generate code Provide a fully integrated tool including : An assistant guiding users all along the process Model validations and simulation Provide an adaptive methodological framework Assist users by proposing adequate method fragments September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 21

Thank you for your attention Questions? September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 22

Elsy Kaddoum MASC Opérateurs Conteneurs Trois types d’agents coopératifs • Conteneur • Opérateur • Station September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 23

Elsy Kaddoum MASC September 2008, 24 -26 th ESAW 08 24