Adapted from O Brien E 2008 Human Growth and

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Adapted from: O’Brien E. (2008) Human Growth and Development. Dublin Gill & Macmillan Ltd Margaret J. Meehan DEATH AND DYING CONT

THE EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE. Margaret J. Meehan The issue of meaning is central to the existential perspective of death and also of the life lived. A central question is: what is the meaning of life if death is meaningless?

COPING WITH DYING AS A DEVELOPMENTAL TASK Doka (1993) Depicts ‘phase-specific’ tasks that face the individual from pre-diagnosis to recovery (should that occur). Margaret J. Meehan Dying is seen as perhaps the final task that awaits us. Corr suggests that four challenges await the dying person: physical, psychological, social and spiritual.

According to Kastenbaum (2000) the Corr/Doka perspective offers several important guidelines. people still have a need to accomplish. The lifespan development task encourages attention to a very broad range of problems. The idea of having to achieve something when we are aging or dying goes well with our society that is product and goal directed. Margaret J. Meehan Dying

Children’s Understanding of Death Margaret J. Meehan Maria Nagy conducted research on children’s drawings(ages 3/10 yrs) where she asked them to draw pictures representing their ideas of death. Stage One: (0 to 5 yrs) The child does not recognise that death is final. It is the separation element that is most distressing.

Stage Two (5/9 yrs) The child begins to understand that death is final. Margaret J. Meehan Stage Three (9 -10 yrs) These children recognise the finality of death as well as its universality, that it comes to all people eventually. It would appear that the child has attained an adult understanding of death.

REACTIONS TO BEREAVEMENT The Trauma Response. The Grief Response. The Psychosocial Response Margaret J. Meehan Colin Murray Parks (1998) outlines three responses common to those who have been bereaved.

The Trauma Response An Margaret J. Meehan alarm reaction – anxiety, restlessness, and the physiological accompaniments of fear. Anger and guilt, including outbursts directed against those who press the bereaved person towards premature acceptance of the loss. Post-traumatic stress disorder.

THE GRIEF RESPONSE An Margaret J. Meehan urge to search for and to find the lost person in some form. Relocating the lost person, including identification phenomena – the adoption of traits, mannerisms or symptoms of the lost person, with or without a sense of that person’s presence within the self. Pathological variants of grief: the reaction may be excessive and prolonged or uninhibited and inclined to emerge in distorted form.

THE PSYCHOSOCIAL RESPONSE A Margaret J. Meehan sense of dislocation between the world that is and the world that should be. A process of realisation, i. e. the way in which the bereaved moves from denial or avoidance of recognition of the loss towards acceptance and the adoption of a new model of the world. This process may be impaired by the feelings of helplessness and hopelessness that characterise depression.

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