ACRCP Consultative Committee Meeting Rust Resistance Genetics and

ACRCP Consultative Committee Meeting Rust Resistance Genetics and Breeding Barley and Oats Australian Cereal Rust Control Program 22 March, 2012 – SARDI - Adelaide

Outline üProgress and Update üNew gene discoveries, designations and genetic studies - BLR, BGYR and OCR üBarley back crossing and germplasm enhancement 2

Factsheet – Genetics of rust resistance to BLR § 20 seedling resistance genes (Rph 1 -19 and Rph 21) and one APR (Rph 20) § Virulence detected for all genes except Rph 7, Rph 11, Rph 14, Rph 18 & Rph 20 § Current genetic base of resistance in Australian cultivars relies on: Rph 2, Rph 3, Rph 4, Rph 7, Rph 12, Rph 19, Rph. Cantala and Rph 20 3

Factsheet – Genetics of rust resistance to BGYR § Currently poses no serious threat § Most Australian varieties are resistant to prevalent BGYR isolate § Exceptions being Clipper, Maritime, Skiff, Tantangra § Potential of posing a serious threat § Narrow genetic base of Australian varieties - based on 1 -2 genes § Change in pathogen (mutation or somatic hybridization with Pst or Psh) § Basis of genetic resistance poorly understood 4

Factsheet – Genetics of rust resistance to OCR § 11 oat cvs with known seedling resistance released in 1991 onwards – all now Sus § Barcoo, Bettong, Cleanleaf, Culgoa, Graza 68, Gwydir, Mula, Nugene, Taipan, Volta and Warrego § Most recommended cvs - Sus to at least one of the pts detected § Deployment of single major genes – not right breeding strategy & not working § APR sources exist in global germplasm but not utilized and characterized properly 5

Mapping of new BGYR genes Amagi. Nijo/WI 2585 q Mapped two new genes BGYR_WI 2585_1 (1 HS) BGYR_WI 2585_2 (7 HL) IT 0; Closest marker abg 59 IT 1 c Closest marker abg 714 b 6

Mapping of new BGYR genes Galleon/Haruna. Nijo q Mapped one new gene BGYR_HN_1 (1 HS) Genetic relationship of BGYR_HN_1 and BGYR_12585_1 not confirmed but likely independent based on map location IT 0; Closest marker awbma 35 7

Mapping of new BGYR genes Yerong/Franklin q Mapped two genes BGYR_Yerong_1 (7 H) BGYR_Franklin_2 (5 H) Genetic relationship of BGYR_Yerong_1 and BGYR_WI 2585_2 both located on 7 H is not clear IT 1 c IT 0; 8

BLR Genetics § Allelic studies of WI 3407/Pompadour - confirm findings of Golegaonkar et al (2010) §APR carried by two parents is conferred by same APR gene - Rph 20 § Additional LR APR with minor effects - detected on chromosome 2 HS in WI 3407 §Gene on 2 HS very difficult to phenotype §Dissecting region and developing single gene lines for fine mapping §APR in Ricardo – phenotypic very similar to 2 HS gene in WI 3407 §Screening of more than 1000 lines from several international nurseries §Identified new APRs different from Rph 20 (Caravela, ICB 88 -1560, Laura, Olbran) §Genetic studies initiated for mapping of new APRs

OCR Genetics § APR detected in range of introductions/ international nurseries § APR set (>200 genotypes) assembled for characterization and mapping § Genetics of 7 genotypes showed inheritance of 1 -3 APR genes to OCR § 9 SSD populations developed for mapping of new genes AUS 701348/Swan ISR 673. 39/Swan ISR 673. 44/Swan ISR 673. 22/ISR 673. 8 ISR 673. 37/Swan AUS 701363/Swan AUS 701354/Swan AUS 701346/Swan AUS 701354/AUS 701363 Excellent national and international resource for mapping and breeding

Barley backcrossing and germplasm enhancement § Backcrossing of leaf rust resistance continuing § > 10 Donors (Rph 7, Rph 14, Rph 15, Rph 16, Rph 18, Rph 20 and recombinant lines derived from H. vulgare x H. bulbosum crosses) § 5 recurrent parents (nominated by breeders/collaborators in Qld, SA and WA) § > 100 derivatives @ BC 3 -BC 5 stage are available § List/ Material will be distributed to breeding groups for choice of delivery 11