ACAE Update and An Overview of Global Education in Audiology James W. Hall III Professor Salus University and University of Hawaii Vice Chair and Chair Elect Accreditation Commission for Audiology Education (ACAE) Doris Gordon Executive Director Accreditation Commission for Audiology Education (ACAE) jwhall 3 phd@gmail. com www. acaeaccred. org
ACAE Update and An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back
Updates in ACAE
ACAE Update and An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Mission of ACAE To serve the public by establishing, maintaining and applying standards to ensure the academic quality and continuous improvement of audiology education, reflecting the evolving practice of audiology.
ACAE Update and An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Purpose of ACAE q To establish rigorous standards for full scope of practice for doctoral level audiologists q To monitor and evaluate programs for high quality outcomes, so consistency prevails in every curriculum q To empower audiologists to practice their chosen profession autonomously and responsibly q To prove outcomes that ensure we are providing the highest level of audiologic care to the public q To demonstrate readiness for limited license practitioner status in the US
ACAE Update and An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
ACAE’S Key Advantages q Expertise in accreditation domestically and globally q Continually abreast of trends in standards and higher education q Extensive experience and commitment in the profession and accreditation q Entire team working for program improvement and successful outcomes
ACAE Update and An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
ACAE: 2016 Standards q Enhanced competences including but not limited to: l. Pharmacology l. Genetics l. Business/personnel management l. Self-advocacy skills for patients and families q Programs demonstrate how students possess a working knowledge of all competencies as well as the ability to incorporate them into practice q Recipients of Au. D degrees will have sound knowledge and professional skills enabling them to function as autonomous direct care providers.
ACAE: 2016 Standards q New areas, including “Health and Safety Standards, e. g. , l. Technical standards l. Immunizations l. Communicable and/or infectious disease policy l. Liability insurance l. Equipment policies l. Emergency action plan
ACAE: 2016 Standards q Timeline for ACAE standards l. ACAE Board of Directors approved standards March 2016 l. Available at Audiology. Now! Convention April 2016 l. Effective 2017 üPrograms have 1 year before 2016 standards take effect üNew programs have the option to be accredited under the new standards prior to March 2017
Education’s High Standards: is the A Foundation of the Profession Practice Clinical Training Academic Education (The Foundation)
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: So Many Ears … So Few Audiologists The Hearing Journal Volume 67 (3) March 2014
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: World Health Organization (www. who. int)
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Global Burden of Hearing Loss 90% of World Population is Without Access to Hearing Care WHO estimated in 2008: q 288 million people have hearing loss > 40 d. B HL • 4. 3 % of global population q 664 million people have hearing loss >25 d. B HL • 9. 9 % of global population q “Half of all cases of hearing are avoidable through primary prevention. ” q “Current production of hearing aids meets less than 10% of global need. ” q “The majority of people with disabling hearing loss live in low- and middle-income countries. ”
Hearing: An Important Building Block in the Foundation for Quality of Life and Independent Productive Citizens Quality of Life Communication Oral Language Hearing
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Focusing on the Goal Identification Diagnosis Screening History Self-Referral Professional referral • Immittance measures • OAEs • Pure tone audiometry • Speech audiometry • Special Tests • • Intervention • • Hearing aids Aural Rehab Counseling Cochlear implant (s) Vestibular rehab Drugs Surgery Outcome • Effective communication • Efficient communication • Academic success • Self-sufficiency • Economic independence • Quality of life
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: A Systematic Review (2008)
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 The Sun Never Sets on Audiology Programs in Former British Colonies
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 USA: Doctor of Audiology Canada: Masters degree
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 Central & South America: Bachelors degree (e. g. , Colombia, Brazil) or no program (e. g. , Educador, Guatemala, Peru, Nicaragua, Uruguay & Paraguay) Brazil: Rapidly expanding audiology profession with Ph. D programs
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 UK: Complicated mixture of different degree programs Audiologists with Au. D degrees from distance learning programs in USA
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 Europe, Scandinavia, Russia: Formal bachelors and masters audiology programs, medical model, physicists, electrical engineers, etc
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 Middle East: Masters & Ph. D (Israel); Bachelors degree (e. g. , Kuwait, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia), MD (Egypt) or no program Audiologists with Au. D and Ph. D degrees from USA, UK, and Australia
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 Africa: 5 Bachelors, Masters & Ph. D in South Africa No other audiology programs currently in Africa The ratio of audiologists to population size is smaller in sub-Saharan Africa than anywhere in the world
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 India: > 12 Bachelors degree programs; > 4 Masters degree programs Problems: Population = > 1. 2 billion and brain drain of Ph. D audiologists to USA, UK, Australia, etc
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 Australia and New Zealand: Many Masters and Ph. D degree programs
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 Asia: Bachelors programs in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea Masters program now in Singapore and Au. D program planned for Hallym University in South Korea
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Audiology Education Around the World ACAE Corner. Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015 China and Japan: Almost all physicians without formal audiology education China desperately needs many formal audiology educational programs
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Tele-Health Principles and Practices Applied in Audiology
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: The Many Applications of Tele-Audiology (1) q Tele-audiology is the audiology application of tele-health q Two general categories of tele-audiology l. Asynchronous (store-and-forward) l. Synchronous (real time) q Tele-consultation regarding challenging patients q Tele-education l. Students in audiology training programs anywhere l. Technicians l. Audiologists üAdvanced training üContinuing education
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: The Many Applications of Tele-Audiology (2) q There is peer-reviewed published research evidence validating the remote provision of audiology services, including: l. Video-otoscopy l. Pure tone audiometry l. Diagnostic auditory assessment, e. g. , l. Vestibular assessment l. Rehabilitation üHearing aid fitting and programming üCochlear implant programming üAural rehabilitation üTinnitus and hyperacusis management
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Tele-Audiology (www. audiologyworld. net)
Tele-Audiology in Rural India: Identification and Diagnosis of Infant Hearing Loss Vidya Ramkumar, Senior Lecturer, Part time-Ph. D, Dept of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India. Fulbright Doctoral Research Fellow, Dept of Speech pathology and Audiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Latest Breakthrough in Technology
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Calibration of Smart. Phone
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Hearing Screening with Smart. Phone
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally q Introduction q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q An international perspective on models for audiology education … a whirl-wind trip around the world q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. One or more highly motivated and committed audiologists who reside in the country l. Development of a formal university-based program for education and training of audiologists
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Automated Audiometry KUDUwave Automated Audiometer q Swanepoel D, Maclennan-Smith F & Hall JW III (2013). Diagnostic pure tone audimometry in schools: Mobile testing without a soundtreated environment. JAAA, 24, 992 -1000 q Swanepoel D, Matthysen C, Eikelboom R, Clark, J, Hall JW III (2014). Automated pure tone audiometry outside a soundbooth using earphone attenuation and integrated ambient noise monitoring. Int J Audiology, October 2015
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Automated Audiometry
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Facilitator Training: International Hearing Care Technician Certificate (www. aicme. com) James Saunders, M. D. , F. A. C. S. James W. Hall, III, Ph. D. Jackie Clark, Ph. D. Spanish Language Instructors Alexandra Feliz, Au. D. Abraham Garcia, Au. D.
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Curriculum (www. aicme. com) Core Curriculum: Designed to provide general knowledge and skills required by a hearing care technician who will work under the supervision and direction of a physician, otolaryngologist or audiologist. Successful completion of the core curriculum leads to a Hearing Care Technician Certificate. Each Course Features: A 48 -60 minute instruction through a narrated Power. Point presentation on a focused topic. Presentations include text, figures, and video demonstrations to enhance the learning experience. Selected readings and resources, including websites and other internet sources information, are recommended for each topic.
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Courses are Grouped Into One of Three Categories Basic hearing courses cover general knowledge of sound, acoustics, auditory anatomy and physiology. Auditory disorders courses provide a brief overview of disorders and diseases commonly encountered in patient population. Assessment Techniques category provides information needed in preparation for conducting techniques commonly applied in hearing assessment, such as otoscopic inspection, pure tone hearing screening and threshold assessment, tympanometry, and measurement of otoacoustic emissions.
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Grouping 1 (Basic Hearing Courses) q Auditory anatomy and physiology q Sound acoustics q Professional responsibilities and liabilities ü Universal precautions ü Infection control ü Patient confidentiality ü Privacy and security q History taking and record keeping q Patient needs and counseling q Medical and audiological terminology
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Grouping 2 (Common Ear Disorders and Diseases) q External ear q Middle ear q Inner ear q Retrocochlear
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Grouping 3 (Assessment Techniques) q Otoscopic inspection and ear examination q Hearing Screening and identification of hearing loss q Introduction to the audiometer q Pure tone hearing test techniques: ü Air conduction ü Bone conduction q Masking theory and techniques
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Grouping 3 (Assessment Techniques Continued)* q Audiogram patterns q Simple speech audiometry q Tympanometry q Otoacoustic emissions q Introduction to diagnostic hearing assessment q Introduction to hearing aids and other management options * Special course modules are in preparation, e. g. , hearing aids
International Hearing Care Technician Certificate: Student Performance. . . Measuring Outcomes (www. aicme. com) q Each course concludes with an assessment of learner outcome that includes questions within different domains of learning as defined by revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, specifically: ü Remembering (formerly knowledge) ü Understanding (formerly comprehension) ü Applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating q For each course, recommendations and guidelines are offered for acquisition of related clinical and technical skills by technicians enrolled in the core curriculum.
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Kenya as an Example Sustainable Regional Access to Quality Hearing Care in a Country Automated Audiometry Tele. Audiology Trained Technicians Dedicated Formally Educated Audiologist
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Building Audiology Infra-Structure in a Country Stephanie Cox in Kenya (stephanie. cox. sim. org)
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Building Audiology Infra-Structure in a Country Motto of Kenya: “Let Us All Pull Together” Trained Assistant Elizabeth Fitting a Hearing Aid Stephanie Cox (stephanie. cox. sim. org) with 2 Au. D Students from USA
An Overview of Global Education in Audiology q ACAE Update l. Mission and Purpose of ACAE l. Key Advantages l. New 2016 Standards q The global challenge … so many ears and so few audiologists q International perspective on models for audiology education q Strategies for expanding and enhancing audiology globally l. Tele-audiology l. Automated technology for auditory assessment l. Trained hearing care technicians l. Highly motivated and committed local audiologists l. Formal university-based audiology educational program
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally Audiology Today, 27 (3), May/June, 2015
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally Audiology Today, 27 (4), July/August, 2015
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Long-Term Solution Sustainable Widespread Access To Quality Hearing Care in a Country Automated Audiometry Tele. Audiology Trained Technicians Dedicated Formally Educated Audiologist (s) + Audiology Degree Program
Strategies for Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally q Development of a formal university-based program for education and training of audiologists l. Audiologists residing in country l. Upgrade educational credentials for audiologists in country üBachelors to masters degree or Au. D üPh. D education in USA, Australia, or UK l. Identify academic institution with interest in developing audiology program l. Secure support of relevant government ministries (e. g. , education and health) l. Full commitment of one or more audiologists in the country l. Initial contributions and support of well-known audiologists
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: University Affiliations Salus University American University Beirut Lebanon University of Hawaii University Pretoria South Africa
Salus University Osborne College of Audiology Online International Audiology Education International Au. D-Bridge Degree Program for Masters level audiologists who wish to earn a Doctor of Audiology degree • http: //www. salus. edu/audiology_bridge/index. html § Advanced Studies Certificate Programs • http: //www. salus. edu/audiology/index. html • Advanced Studies: Cochlear Implants • Advanced Studies: Tinnitus & Hyperacusis • Advanced Studies: Vestibular Sciences & Disorders § Masters of Science (MSc) in Advanced Clinical Audiology • Online degree with onsite workshops • For bachelors level audiologists §
Expanding and Enhancing Audiology Globally: Rationale and Motivation q Altruism … it’s the right thing to do. Millions of people need access to quality hearing health care. q Business opportunity for hearing health care manufacturers … greatly expand the market for products related to diagnosis and rehabilitation for hearing loss. q National security and business interests … More developed countries with more consumers of products from USA and with more stable USA-friendly populations
THANK YOU! QUESTIONS? AUDIOLOGY
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