Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis 1975 -2006 J J De

Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis 1975 -2006 J. J. De Laey, Chair III AOI meeting, Sao Paulo, Brasil February 20, 2006

Where it started? • On March 7, 1975, during the meeting of the American Society of Contemporary Ophthalmology in Bal Harbour, Florida, the act of foundation of the Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis was signed by Jules François (Honorary Life President), Fritz Hollwich (President), Saul Sugar (1 st Vice-President), Edward Grom (2 nd Vice. President) and John G. Bellows (Secretary. General).

Bal Harbour, March 7, 1975 J. Bellows, E. Grom, J. François, S. Sugar, F. Hollwich

AOI • “An organization dedicated to the conservation of ophthalologic ethics and tradition, preservation of its heritage and transmission of its history to future generations” • No more than 50 members. • Members must have practiced ophthalmology not less than 20 years have at least 100 publications and published no less than one book. M

AOI • • Meetings at least every 4 years. Insignia, certificates and diplomas Will prepare a code on professional ethics Official languages: English, French, German and Spanish • Prof. Jules François to become the Honorary Life President

Caracas, 1985

AOI Charter Members • • • I. J. François II. F. Hollwich III. H. S. Sugar IV. J. G. Bellows V. E. Grom VI. H. G. Scheie VII. P. Brégeat VIII. H. E. Henkes IX. A. Kettesy X. J. I. Barraquer • • • XI. E. S. Avetisov XII. H. Sautter XIII. M. da Silva-Pinto XIV. S. Vannas XV. G. W. Crock XVI. P. Trevor-Roper XVII. R. F. Lowe XVIII. L. E. Werner XIX. GB Bietti XX. A. M. Soliman

AOI Charter Members • • • XXI. L. Paufique XXII. Duque-Estrada XXIII. M. H. Luntz XXIV. T. Krwawicz XXV. H. K. Merté XXVI. Fronimopoulos XXVII. I. Michaelson XXVIII. B. F. Boyd XXIX. J. Casanovas XXX. G. Offret • XXXI. Urrets-Zavalia • XXXII. L. Sanchez. Bulnes • XXXIII. FW Newell • XXXIV. H. Rocha • XXXV. J. Diallo • XXXVI. Puchkoskaya • XXXVII. A. Nakajima • XXXVIII. J. H. King • XXXIX. JS Charamis

AOI Charter Members • • • XL. E. Maumenee XLI. A. B. Reese XLII. M. Radnot XLIII. J. Arentsen XLIV. H. Fanta XLV. B. Streiff

Presidents of AOI • • • Jules François, Honorary Life President Fritz Hollwich, 1976 -1980 Frank Newell 1980 -1984 Frederick C. Blodi 1984 -1988 Akira Nakajima 1988 -1990 Giuseppe Scuderi 1990 -1994 Benjamin F. Boyd 1994 -1998 Bradley Straatsma 1998 -2002 Koichi Shimizu 2002 -2006

Vice-Presidents of AOI • • • F. Newell & S. Sugar P. Brégeat & E. Grom P. Brégeat & J. Fronimopoulos G. Scuderi & H. Fanta B. Boyd & R. Lowe B. Boyd & P. Amalric M. Lund & A. Lim E. Malbran & K. Shimizu G. Coscas & R. Brancato 1976 -1980 -1984 -1988 -1990 -1993 -1994 -1998 -2002 -2006

General-Secretaries of AOI • • • Edward Grom Akira Nakajima Pierre Amalric Gabriel Coscas Paul Lichter 1976 -1980 -1988 -1994 -2002 -

Treasurers of AOI • • Werther Duque-Estrada Jean-François Cuendet Rosario Brancato Juan Verdaguer 1976 -1993 -1998 -2002 -

Meetings of AOI • • • 1. Ghent : 10. 04. 76. 2. Dallas : 30. 09. 77. 3. Kyoto : 16. 05. 78. 4. Ghent : 14. 05. 79. 5. London: 19. 04. 80. 6. Acapulco: 09. 05. 81. 7. S. Francisco: 30. 10. 82 8. Paris : 07. 05. 83. 9. Cos : 10. 06. 84. 10. Baltimore 30. 4. 85. • • • 11. Rome: 03. 05. 86. 12. Barcelona: 23. 5. 87 13. Sidney: 27. 10. 88 14. Rio: 02. 09. 89 15. Singapore: 18. 3. 90 16. Paris: 26. 05. 91 17. New Delhi: 1. 2. 92 18. Mexico: 13. 02. 93 19. Toronto: 26. 06. 94 20. Milano: 24. 06. 95

Meetings of AOI • • 21. Chicago. 27. 10. 96 22. Kyoto. 10. 05. 97 23. Amsterdam 21. 6. 98 24. Nile. 27. 02. 99 25. Orlando. 25. 10. 99 26. Jerusalem 21. 05. 00 27. Buenos. Aires 21. 7. 1 28. Sydney. 21. 04. 02 • • 29. New Delhi. 15. 1. 03 30. N. Orleans. 23. 10. 04 31. Florence. 12. 05 32. Sao Paulo. 20. 2. 06

Dallas, October 1, 1977 • Discussion on The code of ethics the Journal “History of Ophthalmology” Book on ophthalmology in 4 volumes. • L. Werner (XVIII) to become emeritus • Obituary of G. Bietti (XIX) • Election of F. Blodi (XVIII), S. Mishima (XIX), B. Straatsma (XLVI), E. Norton (XLVII), A. Dubois-Poulsen (XLVIII), M. Radnot (XLIX), M. Krasnov (L)

Kyoto, May 16, 1978 • Presentation of the Code of Ophthalmologic Deontology • ICO accepts an ex-officio representative of the AOI. E. Grom is elected in that post. • New members elected: G. Scuderi and L. P. Agarwal

Ghent, May 14, 1979 • Presentation of the first issue of History of Ophthalmology. Only 200 subscriptions (200 more are needed) • Emeritus members: H. Rocha (XXXIV), A. Reese (XLI) • Election postponed. • Problems with Bellows

Acapulco, May 9, 1981 • Creation of Committee on attendance (chair Trevor. Roper) Committee on membership (chair: Nakajima) • Emeritus: G. Offret (XXX) • Elections: P. Amalric (IV), J. Barraquer (XXX), Stephen Drance (XXI), W. Jaeger (XXVII), B. Spivey (XXXIV)

San Francisco, October 30, 1982 • Obituaries: L. Paufique (XXI), I. Michaelson (XXVIII) • Emeritus: J. Casanovas (XXIX), H. King (XXXVIII), M. da Silva-Pinto (XIII) • Elections: G. Meyer-Schwickerath (XXIV), DMA Albert, E. Malbran (XIII) • “A member can become emeritus if he is more than 75 years old or is in the impossibility to further participate in the affairs of the Academy. ”

Island of Cos, October 6, 1984 • For the first time a guest speaker is invited. Prof. Nicolas Kouzos, former Minister, gives a lecture on Hippocrates “The first steps out of darkness”. • It is proposed to reduce the term of office of president and vice-presidents from 4 to 2 years • The importance of geographic distribution is stressed.

Rome, May 3, 1986 • The president shall represent the AOI in the International Council of Ophthalmology. • It is proposed to deposit the Archives of the AOI in Ghent.

Rome, 1986

Barcelona, 1987

Barcelona, 1987

Barcelona, 1987

Paris, 26 May 1991 • The president G. Scuderi presents new badges and new medals. • Committees are suggested 1. History 2. Ethics 3. Scientific activities 4. Administrative problems 5. Bylaws 6. Didactic activities 7. Relationship with the Int. Council.

Toronto, June 26, 1994 • 1. To have a special guest lecture within the AOI meeting 2. To organize an Academia session in selected national or international meetings. 3. The Academia Oration by an AOI member during the special session. 4. Presentation of AC. Award every 2 y. 5. Qualification of emeritus member after 70 years on request or at 80 years peremptorily. Founder members are for life.

Milano, June 24, 1995 • Special guest lecture and Academia award: Raymond D. Lund. Reconstruction and repair of the primary optic circuitry with transplants. • Special session honoring E. Norton

Chicago, October 27, 1996. • Academia Oration. Prof. J. Barraquer “The challenge of combined surgery: keratoplasty, EECC, IOL, vitrectomy and glaucoma”. • Special guest lecture. Prof. G. O. H. Naumann “Pseudo-exfoliation syndrome for the comprehensive ophthalmologist. ”

Kyoto, May 10, 1997 • Academia oration by A. Nakajima • The AOI has officially agreed to present the Streiff medal. • Special Academia Session during SOE in Budapest on June 2, 1997 with as topic “New trends in ophthalmology”.

Streiff medallists • Pierre Amalric, 1998 • Bruce Spivey, 2002 • Fritz Naumann, 2006

1999

Amsterdam, June 21, 1998 • Academia oration: A. F. Deutman “ Dutch masters and the macula”. • Special session honoring Prof José Barraquer and Prof. Maumenee. • Special guest lecture. Michèle Schwartz, New horizons in optic neuropathy: neuroprotection and regeneration. • Academia Session on contemporary concepts in uveitis. • First issue of the Academia Newsletter.

AOI meeting Amsterdam, 1998

AOI meeting, Amsterdam, June, 21, 1998

Fall 1998, Volume 1, Number 1 Spring 1999, Volume 2, Number 1 Spring 2000, Volume 3, Number 1 Spring 2001, Volume 4, Number 1 Spring 2002, Volume 5, Number 1 2003, Volume 6, Number 1 www. acad-ophthal-int. org/newsletters

Nile meeting, February 27, 1999 Int. Ophth. Strategic Plan with ICO • Goals: 1. Ophthalmic training 2. Continuing ophthalmic education 3. Preservation and restoration of vision and prevention of blindness. 4. Advocacy for education and blindness prevention 5. Eye care guidelines & standard 6. Research

Orlando, October 27, 1999 • AOI lecture on October 27. M. La. Vail: “Toward pharmaceutical and gene therapy for retinal degeneration. ”

Jerusalem, May 21, 2000 • AOI lecture. G. Coscas “Photodynamic therapy for CNV in age related maculopathy. ” • AOI oration. Michael Blumenthal. “Cataract surgery: training, quality and innovation. ” • AOI symposium: “Retina update in the third millenium. ” • Membership increased to more than 50.

Buenos Aires, July 21, 2001 • Academia Lecture: E. Malbran “Scleral fixated intra-ocular lenses”. • AOI symposium: “Corneal diseases and surgery” • AOI is officially registered in Switzerland on July 9, 2001

Statutes • • J. François, April 1976 F. Blodi, May 1986 A. Nakajima, January 1990 B. Straatsma, July 1999

Sydney, April 2002

AOI Lecture by K. Shimizu, on Pulseless Disease Sydney, April 2002

New Delhi, January 2003

Florence, May 12, 2005 • Academia Oration: Angelo Luigi Vescovi “Neural stem cells in brain pathology and therapy” • AOI lecture: B. Straatsma • AOI symposia in conjunction with meetings Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. P. Lichter Asia Pac. Acad. Ophthalmol. Selvarajah Pan Am. Ass. Ophthalmol. J. Verdaguer • Financial support for a single IFOS fellowship for one year: 7. 000 CHF

Trends in the past 30 years • Shift from ethics and history to more actual scientific presentations. • Increased participation of the AOI to regional and international meetings by organizing AOI symposia • Involvement of AOI in ophthalmologic strategic plan (Nile meeting) and Vision 20/20

Comparison of the statutes 1976 -1999 • 1976: “conservation of the ethics and tradition of Ophthalmology, preservation of its heritage and transmission of its history to coming generations”. • 1999: “ to conserve the ethics and preserve the history of ophthalmology, to enhance education in ophthalmology and in allied fields, and to promote and advance the science and art of ophthalmology among all peoples and nations”.

Mission Statement of AOI • “The Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis is a university-centered international organization committed to excellence in education, research and culturally appropriate medical services to preserve and restore vision for people of the world. ”